When alternative dispute resolution (ADR) is necessary, which tool or technique should be utilized?
Answer(s): B
12.3.2.6 Claims AdministrationContested changes and potential constructive changes are those requested changes where the buyer and seller cannot reach an agreement on compensation for the change or cannot agree that a change has occurred. These contested changes are variously called claims, disputes, or appeals. Claims are documented, processed, monitored, and managed throughout the contract life cycle, usually in accordance with the terms of the contract. If the parties themselves do not resolve a claim, it may have to be handled in accordance with alternative dispute resolution (ADR) typically following procedures established in the contract. Settlement of all claims and disputes through negotiation is the preferred method.
Which quality management and control tool is useful in visualizing parent-to-child relationships in any decomposition hierarchy that uses a systematic set of rules that define a nesting relationship?
8.2.2.1 Quality Management and Control ToolsThe Perform Quality Assurance process uses the tools and techniques of the Plan Quality Management and Control Quality processes. In addition, other tools that are available include (see also Figure 8-10):Affinity diagrams. The affinity diagram is similar to mind-mapping techniques in that they are used to generate ideas that can be linked to form organized patterns of thought about a problem. In project management, the creation of the WBS may be enhanced by using the affinity diagram to give structure to the decomposition of scope.Process decision program charts (PDPC). Used to understand a goal in relation to the steps for getting to the goal. The PDPC is useful as a method for contingency planning because it aids teams in anticipating intermediate steps that could derail achievement of the goal.Interrelationship digraphs. An adaptation of relationship diagrams. The interrelationship digraphs provide a process for creative problem solving in moderately complex scenarios that possess intertwined logical relationships for up to 50 relevant items. The interrelationship digraph may be developed from data generated in other tools such as the affinity diagram, the tree diagram, or the fshbone diagram.Tree diagrams. Also known as systematic diagrams and may be used to represent decomposition hierarchies such as the WBS, RBS (risk breakdown structure), and OBS (organizational breakdown structure). In project management, tree diagrams are useful in visualizing the parent-to-child relationships in any decomposition hierarchy that uses a systematic set of rules that define a nesting relationship. Tree diagrams can be depicted horizontally (such as a risk breakdown structure) or vertically (such as a team hierarchy or OBS). Because tree diagrams permit the creation of nested branches that terminate into a single decision point, they are useful as decision trees for establishing an expected value for a limited number of dependent relationships that have been diagramed systematically.Prioritization matrices. Identify the key issues and the suitable alternatives to be prioritized as a set of decisions for implementation. Criteria are prioritized and weighted before being applied to all available alternatives to obtain a mathematical score that ranks the options.Activity network diagrams. Previously known as arrow diagrams. They include both the AOA (Activity on Arrow) and, most commonly used, AON (Activity on Node) formats of a network diagram. Activity network diagrams are used with project scheduling methodologies such as program evaluation and review technique (PERT), critical path method (CPM), and precedence diagramming method (PDM).Matrix diagrams. A quality management and control tool used to perform data analysis within the organizational structure created in the matrix. The matrix diagram seeks to show the strength of relationships between factors, causes, and objectives that exist between the rows and columns that form the matrix.
The only Process Group that comprises processes that typically occur from the beginning to the end of the project life cycle is:
Answer(s): C
Organizational theory is a tool used in which Project Human Resource Management process?
Answer(s): D
9.1.2.3 Organizational TheoryOrganizational theory provides information regarding the way in which people, teams, and organizational units behave. Effective use of common themes identified in organizational theory can shorten the amount of time, cost, and effort needed to create the Plan Human Resource Management process outputs and improve planning efficiency. It is important to recognize that different organizational structures have different individual response, individual performance, and personal relationship characteristics. Also, applicable organizational theories may recommend exercising a flexible leadership style that adapts to the changes in a team’s maturity level throughout the project life cycle.Process: 9.1 Plan Human Resource ManagementDefinition: The process of identifying and documenting project roles, responsibilities, required skills, reporting relationships, and creating a staffing management plan.Key Benefit: The key benefit of this process is that it establishes project roles and responsibilities, project organization charts, and the staffing management plan including the timetable for staff acquisition and release.Inputs1. Project management plan2. Activity resource requirements3. Enterprise environmental factors4. Organizational process assetsTools & Techniques1. Organization charts and position descriptions2. Networking3. Organizational theory4. Expert judgment5. MeetingsOutputsHuman resource management plan
Which tools or techniques are used in the Plan Schedule Management process?
Process: 6.1 Plan Schedule ManagementDefinition: The process of establishing the policies, procedures, and documentation for planning, developing, managing, executing, and controlling the project schedule.Key Benefit: The key benefit of this process is that it provides guidance and direction on how the project schedule will be managed throughout the project.Inputs1. Project management plan2. Project charter3. Enterprise environmental factors4. Organizational process assetsTools & Techniques1. Expert judgment2. Analytical techniques3. MeetingsOutputs1. Schedule management plan4.1.2.1 Expert JudgmentExpert judgment is often used to assess the inputs used to develop the project charter. Expert judgment is applied to all technical and management details during this process. Such expertise is provided by any group or individual with specialized knowledge or training and is available from many sources, including: Other units within the organization, Consultants,Stakeholders, including customers or sponsors, Professional and technical associations, Industry groups,Subject matter experts (SME), and Project management office (PMO).
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