312-38 Exam Questions and Answers | Exam-Dumps (Page: 9)

QUESTION: 41

Which of the following refers to the exploitation of a valid computer session to gain unauthorized access to information or services in a computer system?

Spoofing
Smurf
Session hijacking
Phishing

Answer(s): C

Explanation:

Session hijacking refers to the exploitation of a valid computer session to gain unauthorized access to information or services in a computer system. In particular, it is used to refer to the theft of a magic cookie used to authenticate a user to a remote server. It has particular relevance to Web developers, as the HTTP cookies used to maintain a session on many Web sites can be easily stolen by an attacker using an intermediary computer or with access to the saved cookies on the victim's computer (see HTTP cookie theft). TCP session hijacking is when a hacker takes over a TCP session between two machines. Since most authentication only occurs at the start of a TCP session, this allows the hacker to gain access to a machine.
Answer option A is incorrect. Spoofing is a technique that makes a transmission appear to have come from an authentic source by forging the IP address, email address, caller ID, etc. In IP spoofing, a hacker modifies packet headers by using someone else's IP address to hide his identity. However, spoofing cannot be used while surfing the Internet, chatting on-line, etc. because forging the source IP address causes the responses to be misdirected.
Answer option B is incorrect. Smurf is an attack that generates significant computer network traffic on a victim network. This is a type of denial-of-service attack that floods a target system via spoofed broadcast ping messages. In such attacks, a perpetrator sends a large amount of ICMP echo request (ping) traffic to IP broadcast addresses, all of which have a spoofed source IP address of the intended victim. If the routing device delivering traffic to those broadcast addresses delivers the IP broadcast to all hosts, most hosts on that IP network will take the ICMP echo request and reply to it with an echo reply, which multiplies the traffic by the number of hosts responding.
Answer option D is incorrect. Phishing is a type of scam that entices a user to disclose personal information such as social security number, bank account details, or credit card number. An example of phishing attack is a fraudulent e-mail that appears to come from a user's bank asking to change his online banking password.
When the user clicks the link available on the e-mail, it directs him to a phishing site which replicates the original bank site. The phishing site lures the user to provide his personal information.

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QUESTION: 42

DRAG DROP (Drag and Drop is not supported)
George works as a Network Administrator for Blue Soft Inc. The company uses Windows Vista operating system. The network of the company is continuously connected to the Internet. What will George use to protect the network of the company from intrusion?

Select and Place:

See Explanation section for answer.

Answer(s): A

Explanation:

A firewall is a set of related programs configured to protect private networks connected to the Internet from intrusion. It is used to regulate the network traffic between different computer networks. It permits or denies the transmission of a network packet to its destination based on a set of rules. A firewall is often installed on a separate computer so that an incoming packet does not get into the network directly.

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QUESTION: 43

Which of the following are the common security problems involved in communications and email? Each correct answer represents a complete solution. Choose all that apply.

Message replay
Identity theft
Message modification
Message digest
Message repudiation
Eavesdropping
False message

Answer(s): A,B,C,E,F,G

Explanation:

Following are the common security problems involved in communications and email:
Eavesdropping: It is the act of secretly listening to private information through telephone lines, e-mail, instant messaging, and any other method of communication considered private.
Identity theft: It is the act of obtaining someone's username and password to access his/her email servers for reading email and sending false email messages. These credentials can be obtained by eavesdropping on SMTP, POP, IMAP, or Webmail connections.
Message modification: The person who has system administrator permission on any of the SMTP servers can visit anyone's message and can delete or change the message before it continues on to its destination. The recipient has no way of telling that the email message has been altered.
False message: It the act of constructing messages that appear to be sent by someone else. Message replay: In a message replay, messages are modified, saved, and re-sent later.
Message repudiation: In message repudiation, normal email messages can be forged. There is no way for the receiver to prove that someone had sent him/her a particular message. This means that even if someone has sent a message, he/she can successfully deny it.
Answer option D is incorrect. A message digest is a number that is created algorithmically from a file and represents that file uniquely.

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QUESTION: 44

Which of the following layers of TCP/IP model is used to move packets between the Internet Layer interfaces of two different hosts on the same link?

Application layer
Internet layer
Link layer
Transport Layer
None

Answer(s): C

Explanation:

The Link Layer of TCP/IP model is the networking scope of the local network connection to which a host is attached. This is the lowest component layer of the Internet protocols, as TCP/IP is designed to be hardware independent. As a result, TCP/IP has been implemented on top of virtually any hardware networking technology in existence. The Link Layer is used to move packets between the Internet Layer interfaces of two different hosts on the same link. The processes of transmitting and receiving packets on a given link can be controlled both in the software device driver for the network card, as well as on firmware or specialized chipsets.
Answer option B is incorrect. The Internet Layer of the TCP/IP model solves the problem of sending packets across one or more networks. Internetworking requires sending data from the source network to the destination network. This process is called routing. IP can carry data for a number of different upper layer protocols.
Answer option D is incorrect. The Transport Layer of TCP/IP model is responsible for end-to-end message transfer capabilities independent of the underlying network, along with error control, segmentation, flow control, congestion control, and application addressing (port numbers). End to end message transmission or connecting applications at the transport layer can be categorized as either connection-oriented, implemented in Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), or connectionless, implemented in User Datagram Protocol (UDP).
Answer option is incorrect. The Application Layer of TCP/IP model refers to the higher-level protocols used by most applications for network communication. Examples of application layer protocols include the File Transfer Protocol (FTP) and the Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP). Data coded according to application layer protocols are then encapsulated into one or more transport layer protocols, which in turn use lower layer protocols to affect actual data transfer.

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QUESTION: 45

FILL BLANK
Fill in the blank with the appropriate term. _______________is the process, policies, and procedures related to preparing for recovery or continuation of technology infrastructure critical to an organization after a natural or human-induced disaster.

Disaster recovery

Answer(s): A

Explanation:

Disaster recovery is the process, policies, and procedures related to preparing for recovery or continuation of technology infrastructure critical to an organization after a natural or human-induced disaster. Disaster recovery planning is a subset of a larger process known as business continuity planning and should include planning for resumption of applications, data, hardware, communications (such as networking) and other IT infrastructure. A business continuity plan (BCP) includes planning for non-IT related aspects such as key personnel, facilities, crisis communication and reputation protection, and should refer to the disaster recovery plan (DRP) for IT related infrastructure recovery / continuity.

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EC-Council 312-38 Exam (page: 9) EC-Council Certified Network Defender Updated on: 25-Dec-2025

QUESTION: 41

Explanation:

QUESTION: 42

Explanation:

QUESTION: 43

Explanation:

QUESTION: 44

Explanation:

QUESTION: 45

Explanation:

EC-Council 312-38 Exam (page: 9)
EC-Council Certified Network Defender
Updated on: 25-Dec-2025