Which type of dependency is legally or contractually required or inherent in the nature of work and often involves physical limitations?
Answer(s): A
6.3.2.2 Dependency DeterminationDependencies may be characterized by the following attributes: mandatory or discretionary, internal or external, as described below. Dependency has four attributes, but two can be applicable at the same time in following ways: mandatory external dependencies, mandatory internal dependencies, discretionary external dependencies, or discretionary internal dependencies.Mandatory dependencies. Mandatory dependencies are those that are legally or contractually required or inherent in the nature of the work. Mandatory dependencies often involve physical limitations, such as on a construction project, where it is impossible to erect the superstructure until after the foundation has been built, or on an electronics project, where a prototype has to be built before it can be tested.Mandatory dependencies are also sometimes referred to as hard logic or hard dependencies. Technical dependencies may not be mandatory. The project team determines which dependencies are mandatory during the process of sequencing the activities. Mandatory dependencies should not be confused with assigning schedule constraints in the scheduling tool. Discretionary dependencies. Discretionary dependencies are sometimes referred to as preferred logic, preferential logic, or soft logic. Discretionary dependencies are established based on knowledge of best practices within a particular application area or some unusual aspect of the project where a specific sequence is desired, even though there may be other acceptable sequences. Discretionary dependencies should be fully documented since they can create arbitrary total float values and can limit later scheduling options. When fast tracking techniques are employed, these discretionary dependencies should be reviewed and considered for modification or removal. The project team determines which dependencies are discretionary during the process of sequencing the activities.External dependencies. External dependencies involve a relationship between project activities and non- project activities. These dependencies are usually outside the project team’s control. For example, the testing activity in a software project may be dependent on the delivery of hardware from an external source, or governmental environmental hearings may need to be held before site preparation can begin on a construction project. The project management team determines which dependencies are external during the process of sequencing the activities.Internal dependencies. Internal dependencies involve a precedence relationship between project activities and are generally inside the project team’s control. For example, if the team cannot test a machine until they assemble it, this is an internal mandatory dependency. The project management team determines which dependencies are internal during the process of sequencing the activities.
During which process does a project manager review all prior information to ensure that all project work is completed and that the project has met its objectives?
Answer(s): C
Process: 4.6. Close Project or PhaseDefinition: The process of finalizing all activities across all of the Project Management Process Groups to formally complete the phase or project.Key Benefit: The key benefit of this process is that it provides lessons learned, the formal ending of project work, and the release of organization resources to pursue new endeavors.Inputs1. Project management plan2. Accepted deliverables3. Organizational process assetsTools & Techniques1. Expert judgment2. Analytical techniques3. MeetingsOutputs1. Final product, service, or result transition2. Organizational process assets updates
An input to the Manage Project Team process is:
Process: 9.4 Manage Project TeamDefinition: The process of tracking team member performance, providing feedback, resolving issues, and managing changes to optimize project performance.Key Benefit: The key benefit of this process is that it influences team behavior, manages conflict, resolves issues, and appraises team member performance.Inputs1. Human resource management plan2. Project staff assignments3. Team performance assessments4. Issue log5. Work performance reports6. Organizational process assetsTools & Techniques1. Observation and conversation2. Project performance appraisals3. Conflict management4. Interpersonal skillsOutputs1. Change requests2. Project management plan updates3. Project documents updates4. Enterprise environmental factors updates5. Organizational process assets updates
Which input provides suppliers with a clear set of goals, requirements, and outcomes?
12.1.3.2 Procurement Statement of WorkThe statement of work (SOW) for each procurement is developed from the project scope baseline and defines only that portion of the project scope that is to be included within the related contract. The procurement SOW describes the procurement item in sufficient detail to allow prospective sellers to determine if they are capable of providing the products, services, or results. Sufficient detail can vary based on the nature of the item, the needs of the buyer, or the expected contract form. Information included in a SOW can include specifications, quantity desired, quality levels, performance data, period of performance, work location, and other requirements.The procurement SOW is written to be clear, complete, and concise. It includes a description of any collateral services required, such as performance reporting or post-project operational support for the procured item. In some application areas, there are specific content and format requirements for a procurement SOW. Each individual procurement item requires a SOW; however, multiple products or services can be grouped as one procurement item within a single SOW.The procurement SOW can be revised and refined as required as it moves through the procurement process until incorporated into a signed agreement.
A large portion of a projects budget is typically expended on the processes in which Process Group?
Answer(s): B
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