USMLE Step2 STEP2 Dumps in PDF

Free USMLE STEP2 Real Questions (page: 12)

For each antihypertensive agent listed below, select the set of undesirable side effects with which it is most commonly associated with hydrochlorothiazide

  1. cough, hyperkalemia, angioedema
  2. positive Coombs test, hemolytic anemia, hepatitis
  3. hypokalemia, hyperuricemia, hyperglycemia
  4. peripheral edema, flushing, and constipation
  5. increased angina, tachycardia, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

Answer(s): C

Explanation:

All of the drugs used to treat hypertension can cause adverse reactions, ranging from trivial to life threatening. Thiazide diuretics are associated with hypokalemia, causing arrhythmias; hyperuricemia causing gout; and hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance. The vasodilator hydralazine can cause tachycardia with increased angina and a lupuslike syndrome. As many as 10% of patients on angiotensin- converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors develop an annoying dry cough. Because they block aldosterone, they can lead to hyperkalemia. ACE inhibitors cause 1025% of all cases of angioedema. Peripheral edema is the most commonly reported side effect of calcium channel blockers, especially amlodipine and nifedipine.
Constipation, flushing, and dizziness are also frequently reported. Coombs'-positive hemolytic anemia and hepatitis are idiosyncratic reactions to the central adrenergic-stimulant methyldopa.



For each antihypertensive agent listed below, select the set of undesirable side effects with which it is most commonly associated with hydralazine

  1. cough, hyperkalemia, angioedema
  2. positive Coombs test, hemolytic anemia, hepatitis
  3. hypokalemia, hyperuricemia, hyperglycemia
  4. peripheral edema, flushing, and constipation
  5. increased angina, tachycardia, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

Answer(s): E

Explanation:

All of the drugs used to treat hypertension can cause adverse reactions, ranging from trivial to life threatening. Thiazide diuretics are associated with hypokalemia, causing arrhythmias; hyperuricemia causing gout; and hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance. The vasodilator hydralazine can cause tachycardia with increased angina and a lupuslike syndrome. As many as 10% of patients on angiotensin- converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors develop an annoying dry cough. Because they block aldosterone, they can lead to hyperkalemia. ACE inhibitors cause 1025% of all cases of angioedema. Peripheral edema is the most commonly reported side effect of calcium channel blockers, especially amlodipine and nifedipine.
Constipation, flushing, and dizziness are also frequently reported. Coombs'-positive hemolytic anemia and hepatitis are idiosyncratic reactions to the central adrenergic-stimulant methyldopa.



For each antihypertensive agent listed below, select the set of undesirable side effects with which it is most commonly associated with lisinopril

  1. cough, hyperkalemia, angioedema
  2. positive Coombs test, hemolytic anemia, hepatitis
  3. hypokalemia, hyperuricemia, hyperglycemia
  4. peripheral edema, flushing, and constipation
  5. increased angina, tachycardia, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

Answer(s): A

Explanation:

All of the drugs used to treat hypertension can cause adverse reactions, ranging from trivial to life threatening. Thiazide diuretics are associated with hypokalemia, causing arrhythmias; hyperuricemia causing gout; and hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance. The vasodilator hydralazine can cause tachycardia with increased angina and a lupuslike syndrome. As many as 10% of patients on angiotensin- converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors develop an annoying dry cough. Because they block aldosterone, they can lead to hyperkalemia. ACE inhibitors cause 1025% of all cases of angioedema. Peripheral edema is the most commonly reported side effect of calcium channel blockers, especially amlodipine and nifedipine.
Constipation, flushing, and dizziness are also frequently reported. Coombs'-positive hemolytic anemia and hepatitis are idiosyncratic reactions to the central adrenergic-stimulant methyldopa.



For each antihypertensive agent listed below, select the set of undesirable side effects with which it is most commonly associated with amlodipine

  1. cough, hyperkalemia, angioedema
  2. positive Coombs test, hemolytic anemia, hepatitis
  3. hypokalemia, hyperuricemia, hyperglycemia
  4. peripheral edema, flushing, and constipation
  5. increased angina, tachycardia, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

Answer(s): D

Explanation:

All of the drugs used to treat hypertension can cause adverse reactions, ranging from trivial to life threatening. Thiazide diuretics are associated with hypokalemia, causing arrhythmias; hyperuricemia causing gout; and hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance. The vasodilator hydralazine can cause tachycardia with increased angina and a lupuslike syndrome. As many as 10% of patients on angiotensin- converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors develop an annoying dry cough. Because they block aldosterone, they can lead to hyperkalemia. ACE inhibitors cause 1025% of all cases of angioedema. Peripheral edema is the most commonly reported side effect of calcium channel blockers, especially amlodipine and nifedipine.
Constipation, flushing, and dizziness are also frequently reported. Coombs'-positive hemolytic anemia and hepatitis are idiosyncratic reactions to the central adrenergic-stimulant methyldopa.



A34-year-old male presents to your clinic with an acute upper respiratory infection (URI). He has a nonproductive cough and no fever. This patient is immunocompetent and has no underlying heart or lung disease. Which of the following is the most appropriate treatment?

  1. 7 days of a macrolide antibiotic
  2. 7 days of a quinolone antibiotic
  3. 5 days of a macrolide antibiotic
  4. 5 days of a quinolone antibiotic
  5. rest and fluids

Answer(s): E

Explanation:

Antibiotics have no role in the treatment of uncomplicated nonspecific URI. In the absence of clinical evidence of bacterial infection, treatment remains entirely symptom-based with use of decongestants and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Other therapies directed at specific symptoms are often useful, including dextromethorphan for cough and lozenges with topical anesthetic for sore throat. Clinical trials of zinc, vitamin C, echinacea, and other alternative remedies have revealed no consistent benefit for the treatment of nonspecific



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