_______________ is when the heart muscles are not strong enough to accomplish the job of pumping blood throughout the body.
Answer(s): C
When the ventricular heart muscle lacks the ability to pump blood adequately and do the job of moving blood through from the atria, it is referred to as congestive heart failure (CHF). This lack of pumping action creates fluid stasis to the pulmonary veins and excess fluid volumes that interfere with proper heart function.
Compare acute myocardial infarction and dissecting aortic aneurysm pain.
Answer(s): A
The correct answer is the only one having an accurate description of both types of pain. Acute myocardial infarction pain is the one often preceded by other symptoms and it is generally constant.That said, it may be difficult for the patient to describe his or her pain, but these are things to look for. Also, treatment may be the same for both kinds of pain, but knowing these characteristics will enable you to give more useful information to medical officials.
Vital signs should be assessed at least every _____ minutes for a patient in unstable condition.
Close observation of vital signs allows for timely action if the patient status declines. The caregiver must maintain frequent and realistic monitoring and should not let too much time pass between measurements or critical care outcome markers, or next step actions will be missed.
The average concentration of oxygen in a titration for treatment is between ______________.
Answer(s): D
The patient whose pulse oximetry is below 94% will require support and assistance. Delivering oxygen at a 95-99% level would be appropriate for these patients. Adequate oxygen levels are needed to support the body’s blood oxygen delivery to organs and tissues. Use of a nasal cannula or nonrebreathing mask will need to be determined based on severity of shortness of breath (SOB).
Which could be a reason that acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) was not administered to a patient in a cardiovascular emergency?
ASA is a key and best practice preventative measure for cardiac emergencies. While stomach ulcers and bleeding conditions might be a contraindication for therapeutic ASA use, neither would preclude its use in a cardiac emergency because keeping the patient alive would override most possible side effects. If there is a documented (proven, not just stated by the patient or a bystander) allergy to ASA, consult a medical professional, if time permits.
Select the best answer regarding the precautions that are necessary for assisting a patient with the administration of nitroglycerin tabs.
Nitroglycerin is absorbed through the skin and the administrator should wear gloves to prevent contact. A mask is not necessary. Checking expiration and correct ownership ensures both potency of medication and correct patient for medication.
The administration of nitroglycerin by an EMT requires direction from medical control or a standing order, but which of these should you immediately note as a contraindication for the administration of this drug?
Medications for erectile dysfunction and nitroglycerin can interact with fatal results. On the other hand, nitroglycerin is often prescribed to reduce the pain of angina attacks and the patient’s systolic blood pressure should be over 100 for administration. Also, it is common for there to be a slight burning sensation under the tongue when nitroglycerin is administered.
Select the most accurate list of precautions/contraindications for use with nitroglycerin?
Vasodilator drugs, head injury, or low blood pressure can be further complicated, as nitroglycerin acts to decrease the work of the heart by dilating the cardiac artery and relaxing the blood vessel wall muscles.
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