A 24-year-old patient is unresponsive after a metal rod impaled through the mandible and out of the mouth. There are copious amounts of hemorrhaging in the mouth. What action should the EMT take first?
Answer(s): C
Copious bleeding in the mouth threatens the airway, so continuous suctioning is the immediate priority to maintain airway patency and allow effective ventilation.
When would application of an oxygen humidifier be most beneficial? (Choose three.)
Answer(s): B,E,F
Humidified oxygen is beneficial in airway burns to prevent drying and irritation, during prolonged transport to reduce mucosal drying, and in patients with a tracheostomy because bypassing the upper airway eliminates natural humidification.
A 60-year-old has severe shortness of breath. Audible wheezing is present. The patient has a history of COPD, asthma, and diabetes with prescribed medications. The vital signs are BP 138/80, P 110, R 30, and SpO2 89% on room air. What actions should the EMT take? (Choose two.)
Answer(s): B,D
The patient is in significant respiratory distress with wheezing, indicating bronchospasm. CPAP helps improve oxygenation and reduce work of breathing, and a beta-2 agonist relieves bronchoconstriction to improve airflow.
An 18-year-old patient has difficulty breathing after being rescued from a lake. The vital signs are BP 142/74 mmHg, P 108/min, R 28/min and shallow, and SpO2 92% on room air. Despite administering oxygen, there is no improvement in the patient condition. What action should the EMT take next?
Answer(s): D
Persistent hypoxia after near drowning suggests alveolar fluid and impaired gas exchange. CPAP helps recruit alveoli and improve oxygenation when supplemental oxygen alone is insufficient.
A 7-year-old patient has severe difficulty breathing. Which of the following characteristics indicate that the patient is in respiratory failure? (Choose two.)
Answer(s): C,D
Bradycardia and altered mental status are late signs of respiratory failure, indicating inadequate oxygenation and impending collapse.
A 23-year-old patient with asthma is short of breath with cool, clammy skin. The patient is breathing 28 times per minute with accessory muscle use. Which of the following interventions is most appropriate?
The patient is in respiratory distress with signs of hypoxia, so high-flow oxygen via a non-rebreather mask is the appropriate initial intervention to improve oxygenation.
An EMT is ventilating a 27-year-old patient who is unresponsive. There is a decrease in airway compliance. Which of the following factors is the most likely cause?
Answer(s): A
Gastric distention increases pressure on the diaphragm, making the lungs harder to ventilate and resulting in decreased airway compliance.
A 4-year-old patient has difficulty breathing. Parents state their child was diagnosed with croup. Which of the following signs and symptoms are associated with croup? (Choose three.)
Answer(s): C,D,F
Croup is commonly associated with a barking or high-pitched cough and fever. Children often also have upper airway irritation symptoms such as a sore throat or hoarseness. Croup typically gets worse at night, not better, and difficulty swallowing is more concerning for epiglottitis than typical croup.
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