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QUESTION: 33

There are no edible fish in the streams of this county because there are no pesticide controls.
Which one of the following assumptions must be made before the conclusion above can be reached?

Edible fish cannot be found in areas where there are no pesticide controls.
If there are pesticide controls, there will be many edible fish.
Without adequate pesticide controls, the fish population will rapidly decline.
If there are pesticide controls, there will be some edible fish.
With pesticide controls, the fish population will rapidly increase.

Answer(s): A

Explanation:

The assumption is that where there are no pesticide controls, no edible fish can be found, not the reverse as in options [If there are pesticide controls, there will be there will be many edible fish], [If there are pesticide controls, there will be some edible fish.] and [With pesticide controls, the fish...]

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QUESTION: 34

How can I write any of the essays when there are so many essays to be written? In terms of its logical structure, the remark above most closely resembles which one of the following?

How can he buy a new car when he is already deeply in debt?
How can she increase her collection of books when it is already so large?
How can he iron any of his shirts when he has so many shirts that need ironing?
How can she visit London and Paris when she has not yet visited New York and Washington?
How can they raise horses when they already raise so many cows?

Answer(s): C

Explanation:

In each case, the verb ("iron".."need ironing";"write".."to be written") is repeated, while the adjective ("many") modifies the repeated noun.

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QUESTION: 35

Nutritionist: Recent studies show that the height of the average American has increased 2 inches in the past 10 years, lending support to the view that modern foods stimulate growth. The argument would be strengthened by pointing out that

statistical studies were done on which foods were eaten
modern foods are unhealthy
all average heights are increasing
comparisons have been studied in control groups
there is no such thing as an average American

Answer(s): D

Explanation:

Options [modern foods are unhealthy] and [there is no such thing as an average American] weaken the argument, option [statistical studies were done on which foods were eaten] repeats the argument, and [all average heights are increasing] makes no sense, since" average height" is a single composite of all heights.

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QUESTION: 36

Nutritionist: Recent studies show that the height of the average American has increased 2 inches in the past 10 years, lending support to the view that modern foods stimulate growth.

This argument would be weakened most by pointing out that

statistics don't lie
there are too many variables in this type of study
the generic background of the subjects was not investigated
the sample group used was small
some people's height decreased

Answer(s): B

Explanation:

Pointing out that "there are too many variables in this type of study" weakens the argument tremendously, because isolating the reason for the growth increase now becomes very difficult. Thus, we could not deduce that modern foods stimulate growth.
Option [the sample group used was small] is close, as it also weakens the argument, but it isn't specific enough. If [the sample group used was small] were "too small," then it would be an excellent answer.

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QUESTION: 37

Landlord: When are you going to pay last month's rent?
Renter: First, I've already paid it. Secondly, I don't owe you anything. Third, not until you fix the heater.

The weakness in the renter's response is best expressed by which one of the following?

He contradicts himself.
He dislikes the landlord.
He assumes the landlord has a poor memory.
He repeats himself.
He makes no sense.

Answer(s): A

Explanation:

The renter's third statement contradicts his second statement.

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QUESTION: 38

All teachers like some of their students. No teacher likes all of his or her students. If the statements are true, then all of the following must be true EXCEPT

some teachers like some of their students
all teachers dislike some of their students
no teacher dislikes all of his or her students
most teachers like most of their students
no teacher likes all of his or her students

Answer(s): D

Explanation:

The passage makes no comments on the majority of a teacher's students.

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QUESTION: 39

You do not succeed unless you take a gamble. Gambling is foolish. Therefore, only fools succeed.
Which one of the following would weaken the conclusion the most?

Most fools gamble.
Most fools do not succeed.
Some succeed without gambling.
Most successful gamblers are not foolish.
A fool and his money are soon parted.

Answer(s): C

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QUESTION: 40

The politicians cannot be telling the truth about a reduction in taxes. This year my taxes must have been higher than ever, because I was able to save less money than last year or the year before. All of the following point to an error in reasoning in this passage EXCEPT

taxes are not the year's only expense.
this year's earnings may have been smaller than last year's.
politicians are frequently guilty of exaggeration or equivocation.
this year's tax deductions may have been smaller than last year's
income from invested income may have declined this year due to lower interest rates.

Answer(s): C

Explanation:

The speaker of this passage may have saved less money because his income was less [this year's earnings may have been...]. or [income from invested income may have...]., his tax deductions were smaller [this year's tax deductions may have been...]., or his expenses besides taxes were larger.

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