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ARDMS SPI Exam (page: 4)
ARDMS Sonography Principles and Instrumentation
Updated on: 12-Feb-2026

Viewing Page 4 of 28
SPI PDF 215 Questions

What is an advantage of power Doppler over color Doppler?

  1. Accurate velocity information
  2. Increased frame rate
  3. Diminished flash artifact
  4. Less angle dependent

Answer(s): D

Explanation:

Power Doppler, unlike color Doppler, is less angle dependent because it detects the strength of the Doppler signal rather than the velocity of the blood flow. This means it is more sensitive to detecting low-velocity flow and flow in smaller vessels, regardless of the angle between the ultrasound beam and the flow direction. Color Doppler provides information on flow direction and velocity but is highly dependent on the angle of insonation, making it less reliable when the angle is suboptimal.


Reference:

ARDMS Sonography Principles and Instrumentation guidelines

Zwiebel, W. J., & Pellerito, J. S. (2017). Introduction to Vascular Ultrasonography. Elsevier.



What is effected by increasing the color scale?

  1. The Nyquist limit is increased
  2. More colors are displayed
  3. The color box width decreases
  4. The color priority decreases

Answer(s): A

Explanation:

The Nyquist limit, which is the maximum detectable velocity before aliasing occurs, is directly related to the pulse repetition frequency (PRF). Increasing the color scale on the ultrasound machine effectively increases the PRF. When the PRF is increased, the Nyquist limit is also increased, allowing for the measurement of higher velocities without aliasing.


Reference:

ARDMS Sonography Principles and Instrumentation guidelines

Kremkau, F. W. (2015). Diagnostic Ultrasound: Principles and Instruments. Elsevier.



Which change can be made in order to avoid exceeding the Nyquist limit?

  1. Increase output power
  2. Decrease output power
  3. Increase pulse repetition frequency
  4. Decrease pulse repetition frequency

Answer(s): C

Explanation:

To avoid exceeding the Nyquist limit and prevent aliasing in Doppler ultrasound, the pulse repetition frequency (PRF) should be increased. The Nyquist limit is half of the PRF, so by increasing the PRF, the Nyquist limit is raised, allowing the system to accurately measure higher velocities without encountering aliasing artifacts.


Reference:

ARDMS Sonography Principles and Instrumentation guidelines

Zwiebel, W. J., & Pellerito, J. S. (2017). Introduction to Vascular Ultrasonography. Elsevier.



What determines the resonant frequency of a pulsed wave transducer?

  1. Element thickness and pulse repetition frequency
  2. Element diameter and speed of sound in element
  3. Element diameter and element thickness
  4. Element thickness and speed of sound in element

Answer(s): D

Explanation:

The resonant frequency of a pulsed wave transducer is determined by the thickness of the piezoelectric element and the speed of sound within that element. The resonant frequency is inversely proportional to the element thickness and directly proportional to the speed of sound in the material. Thinner elements and higher sound speeds result in higher resonant frequencies, while thicker elements and lower sound speeds result in lower resonant frequencies.


Reference:

ARDMS Sonography Principles and Instrumentation guidelines

Kremkau, F. W. (2015). Diagnostic Ultrasound: Principles and Instruments. Elsevier.



Which factor does a string phantom evaluate?

  1. Two-dimensional resolution
  2. Intensity values
  3. Flow velocity
  4. Slice thickness

Answer(s): C

Explanation:

A string phantom is designed to evaluate the accuracy of Doppler ultrasound systems, specifically in measuring flow velocity. It consists of a moving string or filament that mimics blood flow within a vessel. By using this phantom, sonographers can assess how accurately the ultrasound system can detect and measure the speed of the moving target. This helps in calibrating and verifying the performance of Doppler systems, ensuring they provide accurate flow velocity readings in clinical practice.


Reference:

American Registry for Diagnostic Medical Sonography (ARDMS) Sonography Principles and Instrumentation study materials.

Textbook of Diagnostic Sonography by Hagen-Ansert, S. L. (latest edition).



Which resolution is improved by focusing?

  1. Lateral
  2. Axial
  3. Temporal
  4. Contrast

Answer(s): A

Explanation:

Focusing improves lateral resolution in ultrasound imaging. Lateral resolution refers to the system's ability to distinguish between two points that are side by side (perpendicular to the sound beam's path). By focusing the ultrasound beam, the width of the beam is narrowed at the focal point, enhancing the system's ability to resolve structures that are close together in the lateral plane. This results in clearer, more detailed images of the anatomical structures.


Reference:

American Registry for Diagnostic Medical Sonography (ARDMS) Sonography Principles and

Instrumentation study materials.

Diagnostic Ultrasound: Principles and Instruments by Kremkau, F. W. (latest edition).



The calipers in this image measure which performance characteristic of a system?

  1. Depth measurement accuracy
  2. Dynamic range
  3. Axial resolution
  4. Lateral resolution

Answer(s): A

Explanation:

The calipers shown in the image are used to measure the depth of structures within the ultrasound image. This performance characteristic, known as depth measurement accuracy, assesses how accurately the ultrasound system can measure the distance from the transducer to a specific point within the body. Accurate depth measurements are crucial for diagnostic purposes, ensuring that anatomical and pathological structures are correctly identified and evaluated.


Reference:

American Registry for Diagnostic Medical Sonography (ARDMS) Sonography Principles and Instrumentation study materials.

Textbook of Diagnostic Sonography by Hagen-Ansert, S. L. (latest edition).



In this image, which artifact is demonstrated?

  1. Mirroring
  2. Aliasing
  3. Range ambiguity
  4. Spectral broadening

Answer(s): A

Explanation:

The artifact demonstrated in the image is mirroring. This occurs when the ultrasound beam encounters a strong reflector, such as a diaphragm or pleura, and is reflected back and forth between the object and the transducer. This results in a duplicate image appearing on the other side of the strong reflector, creating a mirror image artifact. It is crucial for sonographers to recognize and differentiate this artifact from actual anatomical structures to avoid misinterpretation.


Reference:

American Registry for Diagnostic Medical Sonography (ARDMS) Sonography Principles and Instrumentation study materials.

Diagnostic Ultrasound: Principles and Instruments by Kremkau, F. W. (latest edition).



Viewing Page 4 of 28



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