WGU Network-and-Security-Foundation Exam (page: 2)
WGU Network Engineering and Security Foundation
Updated on: 07-Feb-2026

A person is troubleshooting a network issue and needs to see a list of all active network connections.

Which Linux command should be used?

  1. nslookup
  2. netstat
  3. dig
  4. ifconfig

Answer(s): B

Explanation:

The netstat command in Linux displays active network connections, listening ports, and network statistics. It is useful for diagnosing network issues and identifying open connections.

nslookup is for DNS queries.

dig provides DNS information, not network connection status.

ifconfig shows network interface details but does not list active connections.



Users of a network have been experiencing issues. In the course of troubleshooting, an administrator wants to test DNS resolution against a host.

Which command in Linux should be used for this purpose?

  1. traceroute
  2. netstat
  3. dig
  4. ifconfig

Answer(s): C

Explanation:

The dig command in Linux is used for DNS troubleshooting. It queries DNS records and provides detailed information about domain name resolutions.

traceroute tracks the path packets take to a destination but does not diagnose DNS.

netstat lists active connections, not DNS records.

ifconfig is used for managing network interfaces.



Which layer of the TCP/IP model includes the Internet Protocol (IP)?

  1. Physical or network access
  2. Application
  3. Network or internet
  4. Transport

Answer(s): C

Explanation:

The Network or Internet layer of the TCP/IP model is responsible for addressing, routing, and delivering packets across networks. The Internet Protocol (IP) operates at this layer, ensuring that data is correctly routed from the source to the destination.

Physical or network access layer deals with hardware transmission (e.g., Ethernet, Wi-Fi).

Application layer includes end-user services (e.g., HTTP, FTP).

Transport layer manages data flow using protocols like TCP and UDP but does not handle IP addressing.



What is the TCP/IP layer that includes the User Datagram Protocol (UDP)?

  1. Application
  2. Network or internet
  3. Physical or network access
  4. Transport

Answer(s): D

Explanation:

The Transport layer in the TCP/IP model includes the User Datagram Protocol (UDP) and Transmission Control Protocol (TCP). UDP is a connectionless protocol used for fast, lightweight data transmission where reliability is not the priority (e.g., video streaming, VoIP).

Application layer handles end-user services but not transport mechanisms.

Network or internet layer deals with IP addressing and routing, not UDP.

Physical or network access layer concerns hardware transmission methods.



What is the layer of the OSI model that creates, maintains, and disconnects process communications over the network?

  1. Data link
  2. Physical
  3. Session
  4. Transport

Answer(s): C

Explanation:

The Session layer (Layer 5 of the OSI model) is responsible for establishing, maintaining, and terminating communication sessions between network applications. It ensures that data exchanges remain synchronized and structured.

Data link layer handles error detection and frame transmission.

Physical layer deals with hardware-level transmission.

Transport layer ensures reliable data delivery but does not manage sessions.



Which layer of the OSI model includes the ICMP?

  1. Transport
  2. Session
  3. Network
  4. Application

Answer(s): C

Explanation:

The Network layer (Layer 3 of the OSI model) includes the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP), which is used for network diagnostics (e.g., ping command). ICMP helps in error reporting and network troubleshooting.

Transport layer handles reliable data delivery (e.g., TCP, UDP).

Session layer manages communication sessions.

Application layer provides end-user services.



Which layer of the OSI model includes the TCP?

  1. Application
  2. Transport
  3. Session
  4. Network

Answer(s): B

Explanation:

The Transport layer (Layer 4 of the OSI model) includes the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), which provides reliable, connection-oriented communication. TCP ensures error-checking, sequencing, and retransmission of lost packets.

Application layer deals with end-user protocols like HTTP and FTP.

Session layer manages communication sessions but not transport protocols.

Network layer focuses on IP addressing and routing, not transport mechanisms.



Which layer of the OSI model includes HTTP?

  1. Application
  2. Network
  3. Session
  4. Transport

Answer(s): A

Explanation:

The Application layer (Layer 7 of the OSI model) includes Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), which is used for web communication. This layer provides network services directly to applications and users.

Network layer deals with IP addressing and packet routing.

Session layer manages connections but does not include HTTP.

Transport layer ensures reliable data transmission but does not handle application protocols.



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