An election moves in a uniform electric field in the same direction as the electric field from point A to point B. Which of the following statements is true?
Answer(s): B
The direction of the electric field is the same as the direction of the force on a positive test charge. Moving a negative charge in the direction of the electric field requires an external force to oppose the electric field. This would increase the electron’s potential energy.
A solenoid is made of loops of wire, through which a current is run. What is the purpose of putting a lot if loops into a solenoid?
Answer(s): A
Solenoids create a magnetic field inside the coils. Outside the solenoid, the magnetic field is practically zero, so increasing the number of coils won’t have much effect on the exterior field strength. Inside the coils, increasing the number and density of coils increases the field strength.
Which of the following gives the correct order of electromagnetic radiation from the lowest frequency to the highest frequency?
Radio waves have the lowest frequency and the longest wavelength. Microwaves also have low frequencies and long wavelengths compared to visible light. X-rays are highly energetic and have higher frequencies and smaller wavelengths than visible light.
A lens forms an upright image 19 cm from a lens of an object 49 cm from the lens. The object and image are on the same side of the lens. What is the magnification of the image?
The magnification of a lens can be calculated from its image distance, i, and its object distance, o. M = i / o. Here M = 19/49 = 0.39.
You blow up a rubber balloon and hold the opening tight with your fingers. You then release your fingers, causing air to blow out of the balloon. This pushes the balloon forward, causing the balloon shoots across the room. Which of Newton’s laws best explains the cause of this motion?
Answer(s): C
All three laws are operating, but the third law (forces come in equal and opposite pairs) best explains the motion. The first law (inertia) is shown from the fact that the balloon doesn’t move until a force acts upon it. The second law (F = ma) is shown because you can see the force and the acceleration. The force comes from the contraction of the rubber balloon. The stretched rubber exerts a force on the air inside the balloon. This causes the air to accelerate in accordance with the second law. You can’t see this acceleration because the air is invisible and because it is all the air in the room that the balloon is exerting a force on. However, the air in the room exerts and equal and opposite force on the balloon (this is Newton’s third law), which causes the balloon to accelerate in the direction it did.
Which of the following statements about refraction is true?
Refraction occurs when a wave enters a new medium. The boundary between the old medium and the new medium produces a reflected wave and a refracted wave. Since the medium is different, the speed and direction of the refracted wave changes. This changes the wavelength, but the frequency remains the same. The angle of reflection depends on the angle of incidence of the wave that strikes the boundary. The angle of refraction depends partly on this angle of incidence, but also on the indices of refraction of the two substances. Although refraction is defined as a wave changing direction when it enters a new substance, a wave will not change direction if it enters this new medium exactly perpendicular to the surface.
What corresponds to the amplitude of a sound wave?
When a tuning fork vibrates it creates areas of condensation (higher pressure) and rarefactions (lower pressure) that propagate through the air because of the air’s elasticity. The distance between the condensations or rarefactions is the wavelength of the sound. The amplitude of the sound is half the difference between the pressure of the condensation and the pressure of the rarefaction. Loudness and power are both logarithmic measures that depend on the amplitude, but are not directly proportional to it. For example, doubling the amplitude will not double the loudness or power; those quantities will increase just slightly.
What property of a sound wave in air corresponds to the frequency of the sound?
Explanation The frequency of a sound wave directly determines its pitch. We say the pitch of 480 Hz is higher than the pitch of 440 Hz. High and low are the words we use to describe pitch. Overtones refer to the frequencies above the fundamental frequency in a musical instrument. Two singers singing the same note at the same loudness will sound differently because their voices have different timbres.
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