Select the answer choice that is closest in meaning to the word in capital letters.PLATITUDINOUS
Answer(s): B
You might be more familiar with the word “platitude” than with “platitudinous.” The former is the related noun form of the same base. A “platitude” is an expression, often moral in nature, that has been so overused that it has lost its meaning. You might know someone who recites such expressions as, “Everything happens for a reason.” Such remarks either tell you nothing or often just frustrate you when horrible things happen. They provide little consolation or direction. Although a “platitudinous” expression could be called “annoying,” it is most properly said to be something “overused.” The annoyance follows on the fact that overuse has totally shorn it of its meaning and significance.
Select the answer choice that is closest in meaning to the word in capital letters.PRESAGE
Answer(s): C
When used as a verb, the word “presage” means to be a sign of a future event, often implying that this is a sign of warning. The word comes from the prefix “pre-”, meaning before, and the base “sage,” which does not merely mean wise, but to perceive keenly. Someone who is “sagacious” is wise precisely because that person keenly perceives reality. The word would be used in a sentence like, “In many cultures, the flying of a crow over a barn presaged a poor harvest in the coming year.”
Select the answer choice that is closest in meaning to the word in capital letters.DIFFUSE
Answer(s): A
The word “diffuse” comes from roots that literally mean poured away from. The “di-” prefix means away from or down from, and the “-fuse” means to pour. This latter is found in words like “infuse” (meaning, literally, to pour into) and “effusive” (meaning pouring out, implying that someone “pours out” a great amount of something like praise). As a verb, the word “diffuse” means to scatter or to spread out, as when one diffuses a smell into a room or when an idea diffuses through an entire population. The word can likewise be used as an adjective, basically having the meaning of the past participle of the word, namely “scattered.”
An antonym of "economical" is __________.
Answer(s): D
Something is called "economical" when it is priced in a way that gives the most value per dollar. For instance, a car that is cheap, small, gets good gas mileage, and requires little maintenance is quite economical. In contrast to this, something exorbitant is very expensive – often to the point of making little financial sense. While we might think of better antonyms than this, of the options provided, this is the best match, for the others do not function as antonyms in any proper sense. (However, some options like "familial" and "laborious" attempt to trick you into thinking these things are contrasted to the "economy" in the sense that we normally use that word.)
An antonym of "mediocre" is __________.
Answer(s): E
Something that is "mediocre" is merely "okay" in its quality – often even implying that it is not of very good quality at all. A number of the options provided are meant to trap you into a wrong answer. Something that is excellent – the opposite of mediocre – might indeed be "surprising," "famous," or "unexpected." However, the best option is "exemplary," a word which describes something that is very excellent – to the point of being an "example" or standard for other things of a similar type. This best captures a direct opposition to mediocrity.
An antonym of "peerless" is __________.
Among humans, peers are people who are "equal." To be "peerless" means to be without anyone or anything that is your equal. A "peerless diamond" is one that is of such quality or beauty that it cannot be matched by another. Therefore, the word "peerless" means unrivaled. A convention is a generally held belief or practice, and something that is "conventional" is done in accord with such general beliefs or practices. Such things are very ordinary and repeatable. This is quite different from something that we would call "peerless."
An antonym of "scant" is __________.
The adjective "scant" means of little amount to the point of being insufficient. To give "scant attention" to something is to pay very little attention to it, and to say something is "a scant three gallons" means that it is barely three gallons. In contrast to being barely enough, an excellent antonym is "abundant", meaning plentiful.
An antonym of "negligible" is __________.
The word "negligible" is related to the word "neglect." We tend to neglect something that is not very important to us. Something "negligible" is very small and insignificant. In contrast to this, something "significant" is important. A "significant amount of time" is a good deal of time, and a "significant event" is one that is important.
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