Which of the following statements is true regarding Drug-receptor bonds?
Answer(s): E
Drugs mainly interact with the receptors by means of chemical forces or bonds. There are three major types of drug receptor bonds: - Covalent - Electrostatic - Hydrophobic Covalent bonds are very strong bonds and in most of the cases they are irreversible under biologic conditions. For example, the covalent bond between the acetyl group of aspirin and cyclo-oxygenase enzyme (target enzyme present on the platelets) does not breaks easily. The platelet aggregation effect of aspirin lasts long after free acetyl-salicylic acid has disappeared from the blood (about 15 minutes) and it is reversed only by the synthesis of new cyclo-oxygenase enzyme in new platelets which takes a long time. Hence the effect of aspirin is seen after the drug is stopped. Among the drug receptor interactions, electrostatic bond is much more commonly found than covalent bond. The electrostatic bonds vary from relatively strong linkages between permanently charged ionic molecules to weaker hydrogen bonds and very weak induced dipole interactions such as van der Waals force. The electrostatic bonds are weaker than covalent bonds. Hydrophobic bonds are usually very weak bonds and probably important in the interactions of highly lipid soluble drugs with the lipids of cell membranes and perhaps in the interactions of the drugs with the internal walls of receptor “pockets”.
Which of the following NSAIDs is an Enolic acid derivative?
Answer(s): B
The following NSAIDs belong to the propionic acid derivatives group - Ibuprofen - Ketoprofen - Naproxen - Fenoprofen - Flurbiprofen - Oxaprozin whereas piroxicam belongs to the class of Enolic acid derivative which also includes other agents like meloxicam and Nabumetone. They are non- selective COX inhibitors and act by preventing the production of certain prostaglandins.
A 67-year-old female presents to your clinic complaining of fatigue, diarrhea, headaches and a loss of appetite. Upon examination you find that she is having some cognitive difficulty. Laboratory results reveal: MCV: 109fL; Hgb: 9g/dL; MMA and homocystine are both elevated. Shilling test is positive.What is the next best step in the management of this patient?
Lifelong Vitamin B12 supplementation. Vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin) deficiency generally presents in patients as fatigue, diarrhea and headaches but can also be the cause of cognitive changes (difficulty concentrating, even mild dementia). Pernicious anemia is a macrocytic anemia, therefore laboratory findings indicate an increased mean corpuscular volume (MCV), with a decreased hemoglobin. A positive Schilling test indicates that the B12 deficiency is due to a lack of intrinsic factor. Lifelong cyanocobalamin supplementation (either orally or via injections) is needed to treat pernicious anemia. A is incorrect. Folic acid deficiency anemia is another common type of macrocytic anemia. However, cognitive deficits are not typically seen with folic acid deficiency. Furthermore, a schilling test would be negative and the methylmalonic acid (MMA) would be normal, rather than elevated. C is incorrect. Iron deficiency anemia causes a microcytic anemia, characterized by a decreased MCV. D is incorrect. A Coomb’s test is used to detect autoimmune hemolysis that may be suspected in patients with normocytic anemia (anemia with an MCV in the normal range). E is incorrect. Corticosteroids and iron supplementation are indicated as treatment in hemolytic anemia.
Your patient, a 25-year-old G1P0 female at 26 weeks gestation presents due to an abnormal glucose tolerance test. One week prior, she was given 50 g of oral glucose and demonstrate a venous plasma glucose level of 156 mg/dL one hour later.Which of the following is the most appropriate next step of management?
Gestational diabetes is typically asymptomatic but identified via a 1-hour 50g oral glucose challenge administered at 24–28 weeks of gestation. A venous plasma glucose blood level of > 140 mg/dL is suggestive, and must be confirmed with a 3-hour 100g oral glucose tolerance test. After administration of the 100g glucose challenge, at least two of the following are required for diagnosis:(1) fasting glucose > 95 mg/dL, (2) one-hour glucose >180 mg/dL, (3) two hour glucose >155 mg/dL, and (4) three hour glucose > 140 mg/dL. Choice A –To diagnose gestational diabetes, a positive 1-hour 50g oral glucose challenge must be followed up by a three-hour 100g oral glucose challenge. The diagnosis is only confirmed after both challenges are completed and the thresholds are met. Choice C – Following the diagnosis of gestational diabetes, the first step is strict glycemic control (fasting glucose).
A 23-year-old female presents to your clinic complaining of intermittent throbbing headaches that usually last for several hours and are made worse by the presence of light. She endorses occasional nausea without vomiting during the most severe episodes. Physical examination is unrevealing, and she has no significant past medical history.Which of the following treatments is considered an abortive therapy for this patient’s underlying condition?
Answer(s): A
Correct: A. Migraine headaches typically affect females more often than males, and patients most frequently present in their early 20s. Classic symptoms of migraine include throbbing headaches lasting between 2–24 hours in duration, with triggers such as red wine, fasting, stress, and menses. Primary prevention is aimed at the identification and avoidance of triggers. Over the counter NSAIDS can be used if symptoms persist. Failing this, PRN abortive therapy is indicated, including the triptans (e.g. – sumatriptan) and metoclopramide. Choice B – Gabapentin is an anticonvulsant that is considered to be a second-line, prophylactic treatment for recurrent migraine headaches. Its utility is limited by its lengthy side effect profile. Choice C – Amitriptyline, a tricyclic antidepressant, can also be utilized for migraine prophylaxis. However, it will not abort a migraine currently in progress, and extensive side effects limit its use. Choices D + E – Propranolol and diltiazam are beta-blockers and calcium channel blockers, respectively. As with the anticonvulsants and tricyclic antidepressants, these are considered migraine prophylaxis and will not interrupt a migraine once it has begun.
Share your comments for NABP NAPLEX exam with other users:
good for students who wish to give certification.
is there a google drive link to the images? the links in questions are not working.
very promising, looks great, so much wow!
i scored 87% on the az-204 exam. thanks! i always trust
good need more
sample questions seems good
huawei is ok
good one nice
please continue
this exam dumps just did the job. i donot want to ruffle your feathers but your exam dumps and mock test engine is amazing.
nice questions
the explanation are really helpful
just passed my exam yesterday on my first attempt. these dumps were extremely helpful in passing first time. the questions were very, very similar to these questions!
cosmos db is paas not saas
what is the percentage of common questions in gcp exam compared to 197 dump questions? are they 100% matching with real gcp exam?
not able to see questions
by far one of the best sites for free questions. i have pass 2 exams with the help of this website.
excellent question bank.
it really helped
excelent material
the new versoin of this exam which i downloaded has all the latest questions from the exam. i only saw 3 new questions in the exam which was not in this dump.
question 8 - can cloudtrail be used for storing jobs? based on aws - aws cloudtrail is used for governance, compliance and investigating api usage across all of our aws accounts. every action that is taken by a user or script is an api call so this is logged to [aws] cloudtrail. something seems incorrect here.
question 13 tda - c01 answer : quick table calculation -> percentage of total , compute using table down
pls share teh dump
question 44 answer is user risk
please post the questions for preparation
thanks for the questions
please reopen it now ..its really urgent
these practice exam questions were exactly what i needed. the variety of questions and the realistic exam-like environment they created helped me assess my strengths and weaknesses. i felt more confident and well-prepared on exam day, and i owe it to this exam dumps!
thank u it very instructuf
its helpful?
is this dump still valid???
question 205 answer is b
question 39, should be answer b, directions stated is being sudneted from /21 to a /23. a /23 has 512 ips so 510 hosts. and can make 4 subnets out of the /21