ExhibitReferring to the exhibit, PE-1 and PE-2 are getting route updates for VPN-B when neither of them service that VPNWhich two actions would optimize this process? (Choose two.)
Answer(s): B,D
BGP route target filtering is a technique that reduces the number of routers that receive VPN routes and route updates, helping to limit the amount of overhead associated with running a VPN. BGP route target filtering is based on the exchange of the route-target address family, which contains information about the VPN membership of each PE device. Based on this information, a PE device can decide whether to accept or reject VPN routes from another PE device. BGP route target filtering can be configured on PE devices or on route reflectors (RRs). Configuring BGP route target filtering on RRs is more efficient and scalable, as it reduces the number of BGP sessions and updates between PE devices. To configure BGP route target filtering on RRs, the following steps are required:Configure the family route-target statement under the BGP group or neighbor configuration on the RRs. This enables the exchange of the route-target address family between the RRs and their clients (PE devices).Configure the resolution rib bgp.l3vpn.0 resolution-ribs inet.0 statement under the routing-options configuration on the RRs. This enables the RRs to resolve next hops for VPN routes using the inet.0 routing table.Configure an export policy for BGP route target filtering under the routing-options configuration on the RRs. This policy controls which route targets are advertised to each PE device based on their VPN membership.
Which two EVPN route types are used to advertise a multihomed Ethernet segment? (Choose two )
Answer(s): A,C
EVPN is a solution that provides Ethernet multipoint services over MPLS networks. EVPN uses BGP to distribute endpoint provisioning information and set up pseudowires between PE devices. EVPN uses different route types to convey different information in the control plane. The following are the main EVPN route types:Type 1 - Ethernet Auto-Discovery Route: This route type is used for network-wide messaging and discovery of other PE devices that are part of the same EVPN instance. It also carries information about the redundancy mode and load balancing algorithm of the PE devices.Type 2 - MAC/IP Advertisement Route: This route type is used for MAC and IP address learning and advertisement between PE devices. It also carries information about the Ethernet segment identifier (ESI) and the label for forwarding traffic to the MAC or IP address.Type 3 - Inclusive Multicast Ethernet Tag Route: This route type is used for broadcast, unknown unicast, and multicast (BUM) traffic forwarding. It also carries information about the multicast group and the label for forwarding BUM traffic.Type 4 - Ethernet Segment Route: This route type is used for multihoming scenarios, where a CE device is connected to more than one PE device. It also carries information about the ESI and the designated forwarder (DF) election process.
Which statement is correct about IS-IS when it performs the Dijkstra algorithm?
Answer(s): A
IS-IS is a link-state routing protocol that uses the Dijkstra algorithm to compute the shortest paths between nodes in a network. The Dijkstra algorithm maintains three data structures: a tree database, a candidate database, and a link-state database (LSDB). The tree database contains the nodes that have been visited and their shortest distances from the source node. The candidate database contains the nodes that have not been visited yet and their tentative distances from the source node. The LSDB contains the topology information of the network, such as the links and their costs.The Dijkstra algorithm works as follows:The local router moves its own local tuples into the tree database. A tuple consists of a node ID, a distance, and a parent node ID. The local router's tuple has a distance of zero and no parent node. The local router moves its neighbors' tuples into the candidate database. The neighbors' tuples have distances equal to the costs of the links to them and parent node IDs equal to the local router's node ID.The local router selects the tuple with the lowest distance from the candidate database and moves it to the tree database. This tuple becomes the current node. The local router updates the distances of the current node's neighbors in the candidate database by adding the current node's distance to the link costs. If a shorter distance is found, the parent node ID is also updated.The algorithm repeats steps 3 and 4 until either the destination node is reached or the candidate database is empty.
ExhibitThe environment is using BGP All devices are in the same AS with reachability redundancy Referring to the exhibit, which statement is correct?
BGP route reflectors are BGP routers that are allowed to ignore the IBGP loop avoidance rule and advertise IBGP learned routes to other IBGP peers under specific conditions. BGP route reflectors can reduce the number of IBGP sessions and updates in a network by eliminating the need for a full mesh of IBGP peers. BGP route reflectors can have three types of peerings:EBGP neighbor: A BGP router that belongs to a different autonomous system (AS) than the route reflector.IBGP client neighbor: An IBGP router that receives reflected routes from the route reflector. A client does not need to peer with other clients or non-clients. IBGP non-client neighbor: An IBGP router that does not receive reflected routes from the route reflector. A non-client needs to peer with other non-clients and the route reflector. In the exhibit, we can see that RR1 and RR2 are route reflectors in the same AS with reachability redundancy. They have two types of peerings: EBGP neighbors (R1 and R4) and IBGP client neighbors (Client1, Client2, and Client3). RR1 and RR2 are also peered with each other as IBGP non-client neighbors.
You are configuring a BGP signaled Layer 2 VPN across your MPLS enabled core network. Your PE-2 device connects to two sites within the s VPNIn this scenario, which statement is correct?
Answer(s): D
BGP Layer 2 VPNs use BGP to distribute endpoint provisioning information and set up pseudowires between PE devices. BGP uses the Layer 2 VPN (L2VPN) Routing Information Base (RIB) to store endpoint provisioning information, which is updated each time any Layer 2 virtual forwarding instance (VFI) is configured. The prefix and path information is stored in the L2VPN database, which allows BGP to make decisions about the best path.In BGP Layer 2 VPNs, each site has a unique site ID that identifies it within a VFI. The site ID can be manually configured or automatically assigned by the PE device. By default, the site ID is automatically assigned based on the order that you add the interfaces to the site configuration. The first interface added to a site configuration has a site ID of 1, the second interface added has a site ID of 2, and so on.Option D is correct because by default on PE-2, the remote site IDs are automatically assigned based on the order that you add the interfaces to the site configuration. Option A is not correct because by default on PE-2, the site's local ID is automatically assigned a value of 0 and does not need to be configured to match the total number of attached sites. Option B is not correct because you do not need to create a unique Layer 2 VPN routing instance for each site on the PE-2 device. You can create one routing instance for all sites within a VFI. Option C is not correct because you do not need to use separate physical interfaces to connect PE-2 to each site. You can use subinterfaces or service instances on a single physical interface.
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