An IP prefix list is a common matching tool used in routing policies. Which of the following cannot be configured as matching conditions in an IP prefix list on a Huawei router?
Answer(s): A
IP Prefix List Matching ConditionsAn IP prefix list matches based on:Mask: Specifies the subnet mask length.Action: Specifies whether to permit or deny.Index: Orders the rules within the prefix list.Port numbers are not applicable as matching conditions in an IP prefix list.HCIP-Datacom-Core ReferenceIP prefix list configurations are detailed in the routing policy and route filtering chapters.
When receiving a packet, a Huawei router matches the packet against ACL rules. The default ACL matching order used by the Huawei router is:
Answer(s): C
Huawei routers process Access Control List (ACL) rules sequentially, meaning they check each rule one by one, from top to bottom, in the order they were configured. The first rule that matches the packet determines the action (permit or deny), and no further rules are evaluated. If no rule matches, the packet is denied by default due to the implicit deny rule at the end of the ACL.
HCIP-Datacom-Core Technology Training Material (ACL Principles and Configuration).Sequential Matching Order:By default, Huawei routers match packets against ACL rules sequentially. This means:The router checks the packet against rules in the order they are listed, starting from the top of the ACL.The first rule that matches the packet's attributes is applied, and no further rules are checked. This is known as the first-match principle.If no rules match, the packet is denied by default (implicit deny).HCIP-Datacom Advanced Routing & Switching Technology (ACL Matching Mechanism).Example of Sequential Matching:Consider the following ACL rules:Rule 10: Permit IP 192.168.1.0/24Rule 20: Deny IP 192.168.1.1If a packet with source IP 192.168.1.1 arrives:The router matches it against Rule 10 (Permit 192.168.1.0/24) and allows the packet.Rule 20 is not evaluated because the first match (Rule 10) already applies.Alternative Matching Orders:Some routers or configurations allow batch matching (evaluating all rules) for specific scenarios, but this is not the default behavior in Huawei routers.Conclusion:The default ACL matching order on Huawei routers is sequential, and the first matching rule determines the action applied to the packet.
DRAG DROP (Drag and Drop is not supported)On an STP network, the root bridge, root port, and designated port are elected in sequence. The election rules of these ports are different. List the steps for electing the root port in sequence.
The sequence of steps for electing the root port in an STP (Spanning Tree Protocol) network is as follows:Bridge ID Comparison: The Bridge ID (BID) is compared between the bridges in the network. A smaller value indicates a higher priority, meaning the bridge with the lowest Bridge ID is elected as the root bridge.RPC (Root Path Cost) Comparison: The path cost to reach the root bridge is calculated. The router with the lowest Root Path Cost (RPC) to the root bridge will have a higher priority for the election of the root port.Peer BID Comparison: If there is a tie in the Root Path Cost, the Peer BID is compared. A smaller Peer BID indicates a higher priority. This step ensures that if two routers have the same RPC, the one with the lower Peer Bridge ID wins.Local BID Comparison: If there is still a tie, the Local BID is compared. A smaller Local BID indicates a higher priority. This final step ensures that the router with the lowest local identifier is selected.Bridge ID Comparison:The first step in electing the root port is comparing the Bridge IDs. The bridge with the lowest Bridge ID becomes the root bridge. The Bridge ID is made up of the bridge priority and MAC address. The root bridge is the center of the network for STP, and all other ports will calculate their paths based on this root.
HCIP-Datacom-Core Technology Training Material (STP Concepts and Election Process).RPC (Root Path Cost) Comparison:Once the root bridge is selected, the network needs to determine the best path to the root. Each port on a non-root bridge will calculate the Root Path Cost (RPC), which is the cumulative cost of reaching the root bridge from that port. The root port is the one that has the lowest RPC, meaning it provides the best path to the root bridge.HCIP-Datacom-Core Technology Training Material (STP Path Selection).Peer BID Comparison:If multiple paths have the same Root Path Cost, the next step is to compare the Peer Bridge IDs. The bridge with the lowest Peer BID is chosen as the root port. This ensures a tie-breaking mechanism based on the neighbor's identifier.HCIP-Datacom-Core Technology Training Material (STP Election Process).Local BID Comparison:If there is still a tie after comparing the Peer Bridge IDs, the Local Bridge ID is compared. A smaller Local BID indicates a higher priority, and the port with the lower Local BID will be selected as the root port.HCIP-Datacom-Core Technology Training Material (STP Local Port Selection).
Compared with RSTP, which of the following port roles are added to MSTP?
Answer(s): B,D
Additional Port Roles in MSTPMaster Port: Indicates the port on the shortest path to the root bridge in a region.Regional Edge Port: Identifies a port at the boundary of the MST region.Backup and edge ports exist in RSTP and are not newly introduced by MSTP.HCIP-Datacom-Core ReferenceMSTP port roles are elaborated in the MSTP configuration sections.
On an RSTP network, if a port receives an RST BPDU and finds that its buffered RST BPDU is superior to the received RST BPDU, the port discards the received RST BPDU without responding.
RST BPDU HandlingOn an RSTP network, if a port receives an RST BPDU and determines its own buffered BPDU is superior, it discards the received BPDU without responding. This ensures stability and proper convergence in the network.HCIP-Datacom-Core ReferenceBPDU handling is described in the RSTP operation chapters.
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