Clarinet reeds often lose their freshness – become less responsive – after a few weeks of intense use. One clarinetist has hypothesized that a buildup of oil, rather than changes in the material properties of the reed, were responsible.Which of the following investigations is most likely to yield significant information that would help to evaluate the hypothesis?
Answer(s): D
The best answer is D. The hypothesis has two parts: first, that intense use does not bring material changes that cause the reed to lose its freshness and, second, that oil causes the phenomenon. The experiment suggested in choice D directly test this hypothesis by contaminating strings that are known to have their original material properties.
Many people claim that advertisements of alcoholic drinks influence young people to start drinking socially. In Iceland, however, where there has been a ban on the advertisement of alcoholic beverages since 1982, drinking is at least as prevalent among young people as it is in countries that do not have a similar ban.Which of the following statements draws the most reliable conclusion from the information above?
Answer(s): B
The best answer is B. If advertisements of alcoholic drinks were the only factor that affected young people’s drinking habits, there would be a difference in the prevalence of drinking between countries that ban such advertising and those that do not. According to the passage, there is no difference, so advertisements of alcoholic drinks cannot be the only factor.
Wheat has more nutritional value than rye. But since oats have more nutritional value than rice, it follows that wheat has more nutritional value than rice.Any of the following, if introduced into the argument as an additional premise, makes the argument above logically correct EXCEPT:
The best answer is E. The question asks for a different premise that does not make the argument logically correct. Choice A leaves open the possibility that the conclusion of the argument is false.
A famous painter has recently won a lawsuit against a major food manufacturer for commissioning a graphic designer to design the packaging of its chocolate chip cookies in the painter’s distinctive style. As a result of the lawsuit, manufacturers will stop asking graphic artists to copy distinctive painting styles. Therefore, the cost of package design will rise because employing the services of known artists cost more than those of graphic designer that imitate their style.The conclusion above is based on which of the following assumptions?
The best answer is B. If choice E were not assumed, the costs of the services of the famous painters would not be said to affect packaging costs. Since packaging costs are, however, projected to rise because of the relatively high cost of famous painters’ services, choice E is assumed and is the best answer.
Excavations on the now uninhabited isle of Kelton reveal a scene typical of towns decimated by volcanic ash. Archaeologists have hypothesized that the destruction was due to volcanic activity known to have occurred in the vicinity of the island in 160 B. C.Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports the archaeologists’ hypothesis?
Answer(s): A
The best answer is A. The archeologist hypothesized that Kelton was decimated by volcanic ash in 160 B.C. Since A provides evidence that 160 B.C. was the date when life in Kelton was disrupted, A supports the hypothesis.
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