You are performing a port scan with nmap. You are in hurry and conducting the scans at the fastest possible speed. However, you don't want to sacrifice reliability for speed. If stealth is not an issue, what type of scan should you run to get very reliable results?
Answer(s): C
A TCP Connect scan, named after the Unix connect() system call is the most accurate scanning method. If a port is open the operating system completes the TCP three-way handshake, and the port scanner immediately closes the connection.
Neil notices that a single address is generating traffic from its port 500 to port 500 of several other machines on the network. This scan is eating up most of the network bandwidth and Neil is concerned. As a security professional, what would you infer from this scan?
Answer(s): D
Port 500 is used by IKE (Internet Key Exchange). This is typically used for IPSECbased VPN software, such as Freeswan, PGPnet, and various vendors of in-a-box VPN solutions such as Cisco. IKE is used to set up the session keys. The actual session is usually sent with ESP (Encapsulated Security Payload) packets, IP protocol 50 (but some in-a-box VPN's such as Cisco are capable of negotiating to send the encrypted tunnel over a UDP channel, which is useful for use across firewalls that block IP protocols other than TCP or UDP).
A distributed port scan operates by:
Think of dDoS (distributed Denial of Service) where you use a large number of computers to create simultaneous traffic against a victim in order to shut them down.
You want to know whether a packet filter is in front of 192.168.1.10. Pings to 192.168.1.10 don't get answered. A basic nmap scan of 192.168.1.10 seems to hang without returning any information. What should you do next?
What does ICMP (type 11, code 0) denote?
Answer(s): B
An ICMP Type 11, Code 0 means Time Exceeded [RFC792], Code 0 = Time to Live exceeded in Transit and Code 1 = Fragment Reassembly Time Exceeded.
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