An IEEE 802.11 amendment is in the daft state. What impact does this draft amendment have on the 802.11 standard?
Answer(s): B
An IEEE 802.11 amendment is a proposed change or addition to the existing 802.11 standard, which defines the specifications and protocols for wireless LANs. An amendment goes through several stages of development, such as draft, sponsor ballot, and final approval, before it is ratified by theIEEE Standards Association and becomes part of the standard. Until then, it has no official impact on the standard, although some vendors may release products based on draft amendments to gain a competitive edge or to influence the final outcome of the amendment .
[CWNA-109 Study Guide], Chapter 1: Overview of Wireless Standards, Organizations, and Fundamentals, page 25; [CWNA-109 Study Guide], Chapter 1: Overview of Wireless Standards, Organizations, and Fundamentals, page 23; [IEEE website], IEEE-SA Standards Development Process.
You are implementing a VHT-capable AP. Which one of the following channels is available in the 802.11-2016 standard that was not available before the ratification of 802.11 ac?
Answer(s): D
Channel 144 is a new channel that was added to the 5 GHz band by the 802.11ac amendment, which defines the VHT (Very High Throughput) PHY for WLANs. Channel 144 has a center frequency of 5720 MHz and a bandwidth of 20 MHz. It can also be combined with adjacent channels to form wider channels of 40 MHz, 80 MHz, or 160 MHz. Channel 144 is available in some regions, such as North America and Europe, but not in others, such as Japan and China .
[CWNA-109 Study Guide], Chapter 3: Antennas and Accessories, page 121; [CWNA-109 Study Guide], Chapter 3:Antennas and Accessories, page 115; [Wikipedia], List of WLAN channels.
What statement is true concerning the use of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) modulation method in IEEE 802.11 WLANs?
OFDM is a modulation method that divides the channel bandwidth into multiple subcarriers, each carrying a single data symbol. This allows for higher data rates and more robust transmissions in multipath environments. OFDM was first introduced in the 802.11a standard, which operates in the 5 GHz band and supports data rates up to 54 Mbps. Later, the 802.11g standard adopted OFDM for the 2.4 GHz band, and the 802.11n and 802.11ac standards enhanced OFDM with features such as MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output), channel bonding, and higher-order modulation schemes to achieve data rates up to 600 Mbps and 6.9 Gbps, respectively. These standards are collectively known as the ERP (Extended Rate PHY), HT (High Throughput), and VHT (Very High Throughput) PHYs .
[CWNA-109 Study Guide], Chapter 4: Radio Frequency Signal and Antenna Concepts, page 163; [CWNA-109 Study Guide], Chapter 4: Radio Frequency Signal and Antenna Concepts, page 157.
Which IEEE 802.11 physical layer (PHY) specification includes support for and compatibility with both ERP and HR/DSSS?
Answer(s): C
The HT (802.11n) physical layer (PHY) specification includes support for and compatibility with both ERP and HR/DSSS. ERP stands for Extended Rate PHY, which is an extension of the original DSSS (Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum) PHY that supports data rates up to 54 Mbps in the 2.4 GHz band. HR/DSSS stands for High Rate/Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum, which is another extension of DSSS that supports data rates up to 11 Mbps in the 2.4 GHz band. HT stands for High Throughput, which is a new PHY that supports data rates up to 600 Mbps in both the 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz bands. HT uses OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) as its modulation scheme, but it also supports legacy DSSS and ERP devices by using a dual preamble and header structure that allows backward compatibility.
, Chapter 3, page 103; , Section 3.1
An 802.11-based network uses an AP and has several connecting clients. The clients include iPhones, iPads, laptops and one desktop. What WLAN use case is represented?
A BSS (Basic Service Set) is a WLAN use case that represents an 802.11-based network that uses an AP (Access Point) and has several connecting clients. The AP acts as a central point of coordination and communication for the clients, which can include iPhones, iPads, laptops, desktops, or any other devices that have Wi-Fi capabilities. A BSS can be identified by a unique BSSID (Basic Service SetIdentifier), which is usually the MAC address of the AP's radio interface. A BSS can also be associated with an SSID (Service Set Identifier), which is a human-readable name that identifies the network.
, Chapter 1, page 23; , Section 1.1
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