Web-Development-Applications Exam Questions and Answers

QUESTION: 1

What is the purpose of cascading style sheets (CSSs)?

Structuring and describing web page content
Providing functionality that was previously provided by plug-ins
Changing the content of a web page dynamically
Setting rules to define how page content looks when rendered

Answer(s): D

Explanation:

Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) are used to control the presentation of web pages, including aspects such as layout, colors, fonts, and other visual styles. They are a cornerstone technology of the World Wide Web, along with HTML and JavaScript. Here's a detailed breakdown:

Purpose of CSS: CSS is designed to enable the separation of document content (written in HTML or a similar markup language) from document presentation, including elements such as the layout, colors, and fonts. This separation can improve content accessibility, provide more flexibility and control in the specification of presentation characteristics, enable multiple web pages to share formatting, and reduce complexity and repetition in the structural content.

Setting Visual Rules: CSS allows developers to define rules that specify how different elements of a web page should be displayed. For example, CSS rules can change text color, font size, spacing between elements, and even the overall layout of the web page. These rules are applied by the browser to render the web page according to the defined styles.

Cascading Nature: The term "cascading" in CSS refers to the process of combining multiple style sheets and resolving conflicts between different CSS rules. This allows developers to use different sources of style information, which can be combined in a hierarchical manner. For instance, a browser style sheet, an external style sheet, and inline styles can all contribute to the final rendering of a web page.

Benefits of CSS:

Consistency: By using CSS, developers can ensure a consistent look and feel across multiple web pages.

Maintainability: CSS makes it easier to update the visual presentation of a web page without altering the HTML structure. This is particularly useful for maintaining large websites.

Reusability: CSS rules can be reused across multiple pages, reducing redundancy and making it easier to implement changes globally.

Examples of CSS:

css

Copy code body {

background-color: lightblue;

}

h1 {

color: navy;

margin-left: 20px;

}

In this example, the body element is given a light blue background color, and the h1 element is styled with a navy color and a left margin of 20 pixels.

Reference:

MDN Web Docs on CSS

W3C CSS Specifications

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QUESTION: 2

Which feature was introduced in HTML5?

Addition of CSS in the HTML file
Adherence to strict XML syntax rules
Ability to hyperlink to multiple web pages
Native drag-and-drop capability

Answer(s): D

Explanation:

HTML5 introduced several new features that enhanced web development capabilities significantly. One of the notable features is the native drag-and-drop capability.

Native Drag-and-Drop Capability:

Description: HTML5 allows developers to create drag-and-drop interfaces natively using the draggable attribute and the DragEvent interface. This means elements can be dragged and dropped within a web page without requiring external JavaScript libraries.

Implementation:

Making an Element Draggable: To make an element draggable, you set the draggable attribute to true:

<div id="drag1" draggable="true">Drag me!</div>

Handling Drag Events: You use event listeners for drag events such as dragstart, dragover, and drop:

document.getElementById("drag1").addEventListener("dragstart", function(event) {

event.dataTransfer.setData("text", event.target.id);

});

document.getElementById("dropzone").addEventListener("dragover", function(event) {

event.preventDefault();

});

document.getElementById("dropzone").addEventListener("drop", function(event) {

event.preventDefault();

var data = event.dataTransfer.getData("text");

event.target.appendChild(document.getElementById(data));

});

Example: This example demonstrates a simple drag-and-drop operation:

html

Copy code

<div id="drag1" draggable="true">Drag me!</div>

<div id="dropzone" style="width: 200px; height: 200px; border: 1px solid black;">Drop here</div>

Reference:

W3C HTML5 Specification - Drag and Drop

MDN Web Docs - HTML Drag and Drop API

HTML5 Doctor - Drag and Drop

HTML5's native drag-and-drop feature streamlines the process of creating interactive web applications by eliminating the need for third-party libraries, thus making it a powerful addition to the HTML standard.

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QUESTION: 3

Which structure tag should a developer use to place contact information on a web page?

<Aside>
<Main>
<Nav>
<footer>

Answer(s): D

Explanation:

The <footer> tag is used to define a footer for a document or a section. A footer typically contains information about the author of the document, contact information, copyright details, and links to terms of use, privacy policy, etc. It is a semantic element in HTML5, which means it clearly describes its meaning to both the browser and the developer.

Purpose of <footer>: The <footer> element represents a footer for its nearest sectioning content or sectioning root element. It typically contains information like:

Contact information

Copyright information

Links to related documents

Information about the author

Usage Example:

<footer>

<p>Contact us at: contact@example.com</p>

<p>© 2024 Example Company</p>

</footer>

In this example, the <footer> tag encloses contact information and copyright details.

Semantic Importance: Using semantic elements like <footer> enhances the accessibility of the document and provides better context for search engines and other user devices.

Reference:

MDN Web Docs on <footer>

W3C HTML5 Specification on <footer>

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QUESTION: 4

Which HTML tag should a developer use to create a drop-down list?

<Option>
<Section >
<Output>
<Select>

Answer(s): D

Explanation:

The <select> tag is used in HTML to create a drop-down list. It is used in conjunction with the <option> tags to define the list items within the drop-down menu.

Purpose of <select>: The <select> element is used to create a control that provides a menu of options. The user can select one or more options from the list.

Structure of Drop-down List:

The <select> element encloses the <option> elements.

Each <option> element represents an individual item in the drop-down list.

Usage Example:

<label for="cars">Choose a car:</label>

<select id="cars" name="cars">

<option value="volvo">Volvo</option>

<option value="saab">Saab</option>

<option value="fiat">Fiat</option>

<option value="audi">Audi</option>

</select>

In this example, the <select> tag creates a drop-down list with four options: Volvo, Saab, Fiat, and Audi.

Attributes of <select>:

name: Specifies the name of the control, which is submitted with the form data.

id: Used to associate the <select> element with a label using the <label> tag's for attribute.

multiple: Allows multiple selections if set.

Reference:

MDN Web Docs on <select>

W3C HTML Specification on Forms

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QUESTION: 5

What should a developer correct before revalidating after a code validator reports multiple errors in code?

Only CSS errors
The last reported error
Only JavaScript errors
The first reported error

Answer(s): D

Explanation:

When using a code validator to check your HTML, CSS, or JavaScript code, it's essential to address errors in a systematic manner. The correct approach is to correct the first reported error before revalidating. This method is recommended because often, the first error can cause a cascade of subsequent errors or warnings. By fixing the first error, you may automatically resolve other errors that were reported later.

Reasoning:

Cascading Errors: The first error in the code might lead to multiple subsequent errors. Fixing it can sometimes resolve those cascading errors, reducing the overall number of errors in the next validation.

Logical Flow: Addressing errors in the order they appear maintains a logical flow and makes debugging more manageable.

Steps to Follow:

Step 1: Run the code through the validator.

Step 2: Identify the first reported error.

Step 3: Correct the first error.

Step 4: Revalidate the code to check if the error count has reduced or if new errors appear.

Step 5: Repeat the process until all errors are resolved.

Reference:

W3C Markup Validation Service

MDN Web Docs - Debugging HTML

W3C CSS Validation Service

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QUESTION: 6

A web developer need to ensure that a message appears if the user's browser does not support the audio files on a web page.

How should this designer code the audio element?

A)

B)

C)

D)

Option A
Option B
Option C
Option D

Answer(s): D

Explanation:

To ensure that a message appears if the user's browser does not support the audio files on a web page, the developer should use the <audio> element correctly. The <audio> element supports fallback content, which is displayed if the browser does not support the specified audio formats.

Correct Usage:

Fallback Content: Place the message as fallback content inside the <audio> element. Browsers that do not support the audio format will display this message.

Example:

<audio>

<source src="audio/song.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" />

No mpeg support.

</audio>

Explanation of Options:

Option A: Incorrect. The alt attribute is not valid for the <source> element.

Option B: Incorrect. The alt attribute is not valid for the <audio> element.

Option C: Incorrect. The alt attribute is used incorrectly in the <audio> element.

Option D: Correct. The message "No mpeg support." is placed correctly as fallback content inside the <audio> element.

Reference:

W3C HTML5 Specification - The audio element

MDN Web Docs - <audio>

Using the fallback content inside the <audio> element ensures that users with unsupported browsers receive a meaningful message, improving the overall user experience.

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QUESTION: 7

Given the following HTML code:

Which line of code should replace the first line to ensure that users can pause and restart the video?

A)

B)

C)

D)

Option A
Option B
Option C
Option D

Answer(s): C

Explanation:

To ensure that users can pause and restart the video, the controls attribute needs to be added to the <video> tag. This attribute provides the user with controls to play, pause, and adjust the volume of the video. The correct line of code that should replace the first line in the provided HTML to achieve this functionality is:

<video width="360" height="270" controls>

Here's the comprehensive explanation:

controls Attribute: The controls attribute is a boolean attribute.
When present, it specifies that video controls should be displayed, allowing the user to control video playback, including pausing, playing, and seeking.

HTML Structure:

Original Line:

<video width="360" height="270">

Revised Line:

<video width="360" height="270" controls>

Usage Example:

<video width="360" height="270" controls>

<source src="video.mp4" type="video/mp4">

Your browser does not support the HTML5 video element.

</video>

In this example, adding the controls attribute provides the user with play, pause, and volume controls.

Reference:

MDN Web Docs on <video>

W3C HTML5 Specification on <video>

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QUESTION: 8

Given the following CSS code:

Which type of selector is used?

Group
Class
Element
ID

Answer(s): D

Explanation:

The given CSS code uses the #name selector, which is an ID selector. The ID selector is used to style an element with a specific id attribute.

ID Selector: In CSS, the ID selector is used to style the element with the specific id. The syntax for the ID selector is #id, where id is the id attribute value of the HTML element.

Usage Example:

#name {

text-align: left;

}

This CSS rule will apply the text-align: left; style to the element with id="name".

ID Selector Characteristics:

An ID must be unique within a document, meaning it can be used only once per page.

ID selectors are more specific than class selectors and element selectors.

Example in HTML:

<div id="name">This is a div with ID "name".</div>

Reference:

MDN Web Docs on CSS Selectors

W3C CSS Specification on Selectors

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Updated on: 07-Feb-2026

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