Which of the following illnesses is an example of a type III hypersensitivity reaction?
Answer(s): A
A type III hypersensitivity reaction is mediated by immune complex deposition. In lupus, auto- antibodies are formed and these complexes are deposited in other tissues, especially in the kidneys, skin, and joints. Graves disease and myasthenia gravis are examples of type II but in some classification systems they are called type V reactions. The auto-antibodies created in Graves attack TSH receptors in the thyroid, whereas in Myasthenia the target is the acetylcholine receptor. Hashimoto’s thyroiditis is usually considered an example of a combination of type II and IV reactions, as T cells are directed at thyroid antigens and antibodies are also produced. Allergic rhinitis is a classic example of a type I, IgE mediated reaction.
Which of the following is a side effect of valproic acid?
Answer(s): B
Pancreatitis is one of the most serious adverse effects that can be caused by valproic acid. Gingival hyperplasia is a side effect of Phenytoin. Kidney stones and weight loss can be a side effect of zonisamide or topiramate.
A 55-year-old female is receiving chemotherapy for metastatic carcinoma. She threatens to stop her treatment because of severe nausea and vomiting. The oncologist plans to use prochlorperazine to reduce the nausea and vomiting associated with chemotherapeutic agents. What is the mechanism of action of prochlorperazine?
B: A variety of drugs have been found to be of some value in the prevention and treatment of vomiting, especially cancer chemotherapy-induced vomiting. With the exception of thioridazine, most of the neuroleptic drugs have antiemetic effects that are mediated by blocking D2 dopaminergic receptors of the chemoreceptor trigger zone of the medulla. Phenothiazines, such as prochlorperazine, were the first drugs shown to be effective antiemetic agents and act by blocking dopamine receptors. They are effective against low to moderately emetogenic chemotherapeutic agents (for example, fluorouracil and doxorubicin). Although increasing the dose improves antiemetic activity, side effects, including hypotension and restlessness, are dose limiting. Other adverse reactions include extrapyramidal symptom and sedation. A: Serotonin 5-HT3 antagonist is incorrect. The specific antagonists of the 5-HT3 receptor, ondansetron and granisetron, selectively block 5-HT3 receptors in the periphery and in the brain (chemoreceptor trigger zone). C: Cannabinoids related is incorrect. Cannabinoids are marijuana derivatives including dronabinol and nabilone and are effective against moderately emetogenic chemotherapy. However, they are seldom first-line antiemetics because of serious side effects. D: Blockage of prostaglandins is incorrect. Dexamethasone and methylprednisolone used alone are effective against mildly to moderately emetogenic chemotherapy. Their antiemetic mechanism is not known, but it may involve blockade of prostaglandins. E: H2 receptor antagonist is incorrect. Antagonists of histamine H2 receptor block the action of histamine at all H2 receptors; their chief clinical use is as inhibitors of gastric acid secretion.
A 27-year-old female with ovarian cancer is undergoing chemotherapy. She develops subsequent renal failure.Which of the following drugs is most likely responsible for this?
Answer(s): C
Cisplatin. All chemotherapeutics have similar generalized side effects related to their effects on rapidly growing cells. These include hair loss, nausea, and fatigue. However, many chemotherapeutics have unique toxicities as well which are often tested. Cisplatin (C) is notable for its nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. Cyclophosphamide (A) is known to cause hemorrhagic cystitis. This is a distinct process from nephrotoxicity. The most noteworthy side effect of bleomycin (B) is pulmonary toxicity that can lead to pulmonary fibrosis. Vinblastine (D) is known for bone marrow suppression. Vincristine (E) causes neuropathy.
Your patient is a 43-year-old male who is experiencing post-operative voiding difficulty after an elective inguinal hernia repair. His post void residual volume was 280 cc.Which of the following medications is the most appropriate choice of therapy for this patient?
The patient is experiencing a common complication of low abdominal surgery. Post-operative urinary retention occurs in almost 25% of patients after low abdominal surgical procedures. A normal post- void residual volume is less than 50 cc or urine. The effects of anesthesia and analgesia both contribute to bladder distension, decreased micturition reflex, reduction of contractility of the detrusor muscle of the bladder, and incomplete voiding. The detrusor muscle of the bladder is stimulated to contract by muscarinic cholinergic agonists. Bethanechol is a muscarinic agonist and is frequently used in this setting to improve bladder emptying. Finasteride is a drug that is a 5 alpha reductase inhibitor indicated for use in patients with bladder outlet obstruction as a result of prostatic hypertrophy. The inhibition of 5 alpha reductase decreases local conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone in the prostate gland, which results in gradual shrinkage over a period of six to twelve months. Phenylephrine is an alpha-adrenergic agonist that is selective for alpha-1 receptors. Activation of the alpha 1 receptors in the bladder results in contraction of the trigone muscle and sphincter. This promotes urinary retention. Oxybutynin is an antimuscarinic agent that is useful for treatment of urge incontinence, and would have a detrimental effect on this patient’s bladder disorder. Imipramine is a medication with anticholinergic properties that would also cause worsening of the patient’s condition. Take home message: Post-operative urinary retention with concomitant incomplete voiding is a complication that results from a decreased micturition reflex, increased vesical sphincter tone, or decreased contractility of the detrusor muscle of the bladder. It can be successfully treated with a muscarinic agonist, such as bethanechol, or with an alpha-1 adrenergic antagonist.
Share your comments for Test Prep NAPLEX exam with other users:
has anyone recently attended safe 6.0 exam? did you see any questions from here?
question 13 should be dhcp option 43, right?
the buy 1 get 1 is a great deal. so far i have only gone over exam. it looks promissing. i report back once i write my exam.
is this dump good
good ................
passed
yes going good
good questions for practice
need dump and sap notes for c_s4cpr_2308 - sap certified application associate - sap s/4hana cloud, public edition - sourcing and procurement
question 11: d i personally feel some answers are wrong.
nice questions
looking for c1000-158: ibm cloud technical advocate v4 questions
can you share the pdf
admin ii is real technical stuff
could you post the link
hello send me dumps
it is very nice
i gave the amazon dva-c02 tests today and passed. very helpful.
there is an incorrect word in the problem statement. for example, in question 1, there is the word "speci c". this is "specific. in the other question, there is the word "noti cation". this is "notification. these mistakes make this site difficult for me to use.
passed my az-120 certification exam today with 90% marks. studied using the dumps highly recommended to all.
i need it, plz make it available
q47: intrusion prevention system is the correct answer, not patch management. by definition, there are no patches available for a zero-day vulnerability. the way to prevent an attacker from exploiting a zero-day vulnerability is to use an ips.
this is simple but tiugh as well
questão 4, segundo meu compilador local e o site https://www.jdoodle.com/online-java-compiler/, a resposta correta é "c" !
its very useful
i mastered my skills and aced the comptia 220-1102 exam with a score of 920/1000. i give the credit to for my success.
real questions
very helpful assessments
hi there, i would like to get dumps for this exam
i studied for the microsoft azure az-204 exam through it has 100% real questions available for practice along with various mock tests. i scored 900/1000.
please upload 1z0-1072-23 exam dups
i was hoping if you could please share the pdf as i’m currently preparing to give the exam.
i am looking for oracle 1z0-116 exam
where we can get the answer to the questions