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PMI CAPM Exam (page: 4)
PMI Certified Associate in Project Management (-100)
Updated on: 25-Dec-2025

Viewing Page 4 of 222
CAPM PDF 1305 Questions

Which type of dependency is legally or contractually required or inherent in the nature of work and often involves physical limitations?

  1. Mandatory
  2. Discretionary
  3. Internal
  4. External

Answer(s): A

Explanation:

6.3.2.2 Dependency Determination
Dependencies may be characterized by the following attributes: mandatory or discretionary, internal or external, as described below. Dependency has four attributes, but two can be applicable at the same time in following ways: mandatory external dependencies, mandatory internal dependencies, discretionary external dependencies, or discretionary internal dependencies.

Mandatory dependencies. Mandatory dependencies are those that are legally or contractually required or inherent in the nature of the work. Mandatory dependencies often involve physical limitations, such as on a construction project, where it is impossible to erect the superstructure until after the foundation has been built, or on an electronics project, where a prototype has to be built before it can be tested.

Mandatory dependencies are also sometimes referred to as hard logic or hard dependencies. Technical dependencies may not be mandatory. The project team determines which dependencies are mandatory during the process of sequencing the activities. Mandatory dependencies should not be confused with assigning schedule constraints in the scheduling tool.

Discretionary dependencies. Discretionary dependencies are sometimes referred to as preferred logic, preferential logic, or soft logic. Discretionary dependencies are established based on knowledge of best practices within a particular application area or some unusual aspect of the project where a specific sequence is desired, even though there may be other acceptable sequences. Discretionary dependencies should be fully documented since they can create arbitrary total float values and can limit later scheduling options. When fast tracking techniques are employed, these discretionary dependencies should be reviewed and considered for modification or removal. The project team determines which dependencies are discretionary during the process of sequencing the activities.
External dependencies. External dependencies involve a relationship between project activities and non- project activities. These dependencies are usually outside the project team’s control. For example, the testing activity in a software project may be dependent on the delivery of hardware from an external source, or governmental environmental hearings may need to be held before site preparation can begin on a construction project. The project management team determines which dependencies are external during the process of sequencing the activities.
Internal dependencies. Internal dependencies involve a precedence relationship between project activities and are generally inside the project team’s control. For example, if the team cannot test a machine until they assemble it, this is an internal mandatory dependency. The project management team determines which dependencies are internal during the process of sequencing the activities.



During which process does a project manager review all prior information to ensure that all project work is completed and that the project has met its objectives?

  1. Monitor and Control Project Work
  2. Perform Quality Assurance
  3. Close Project or Phase
  4. Control Scope

Answer(s): C

Explanation:

Process: 4.6. Close Project or Phase
Definition: The process of finalizing all activities across all of the Project Management Process Groups to formally complete the phase or project.
Key Benefit: The key benefit of this process is that it provides lessons learned, the formal ending of project work, and the release of organization resources to pursue new endeavors.

Inputs
1. Project management plan
2. Accepted deliverables
3. Organizational process assets

Tools & Techniques
1. Expert judgment
2. Analytical techniques
3. Meetings

Outputs
1. Final product, service, or result transition
2. Organizational process assets updates



An input to the Manage Project Team process is:

  1. Work performance reports.
  2. Change requests.
  3. Activity resource requirements.
  4. Enterprise environmental factors.

Answer(s): A

Explanation:

Process: 9.4 Manage Project Team
Definition: The process of tracking team member performance, providing feedback, resolving issues, and managing changes to optimize project performance.
Key Benefit: The key benefit of this process is that it influences team behavior, manages conflict, resolves issues, and appraises team member performance.

Inputs
1. Human resource management plan
2. Project staff assignments
3. Team performance assessments
4. Issue log
5. Work performance reports
6. Organizational process assets

Tools & Techniques
1. Observation and conversation
2. Project performance appraisals
3. Conflict management
4. Interpersonal skills

Outputs
1. Change requests
2. Project management plan updates
3. Project documents updates
4. Enterprise environmental factors updates
5. Organizational process assets updates



Which input provides suppliers with a clear set of goals, requirements, and outcomes?

  1. Procurement statement of work
  2. Purchase order
  3. Source selection criteria
  4. Bidder conference

Answer(s): A

Explanation:

12.1.3.2 Procurement Statement of Work
The statement of work (SOW) for each procurement is developed from the project scope baseline and defines only that portion of the project scope that is to be included within the related contract. The procurement SOW describes the procurement item in sufficient detail to allow prospective sellers to determine if they are capable

of providing the products, services, or results. Sufficient detail can vary based on the nature of the item, the needs of the buyer, or the expected contract form. Information included in a SOW can include specifications, quantity desired, quality levels, performance data, period of performance, work location, and other requirements.
The procurement SOW is written to be clear, complete, and concise. It includes a description of any collateral services required, such as performance reporting or post-project operational support for the procured item. In some application areas, there are specific content and format requirements for a procurement SOW. Each individual procurement item requires a SOW; however, multiple products or services can be grouped as one procurement item within a single SOW.
The procurement SOW can be revised and refined as required as it moves through the procurement process until incorporated into a signed agreement.



A large portion of a projects budget is typically expended on the processes in which Process Group?

  1. Executing
  2. Planning
  3. Monitoring and Controlling
  4. Closing

Answer(s): B



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