312-38 Exam Questions and Answers | Exam-Dumps (Page: 17)

QUESTION: 81

FILL BLANK
Fill in the blank with the appropriate term. ________________ is an open wireless technology standard for exchanging data over short distances from fixed and mobile devices.

Bluetooth

Answer(s): A

Explanation:

Bluetooth is an open wireless technology standard for exchanging data over short distances from fixed and mobile devices, creating personal area networks with high levels of security. Created by telecoms vendor Ericsson in 1994, it was originally conceived as a wireless alternative to RS-232 data cables. It can connect several devices, overcoming problems of synchronization. Today Bluetooth is managed by the Bluetooth Special Interest Group.

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QUESTION: 82

In which of the following attacks does an attacker use software that tries a large number of key combinations in order to get a password?

Buffer overflow
Brute force attack
Zero-day attack
Smurf attack

Answer(s): B

Explanation:

In a brute force attack, an attacker uses software that tries a large number of key combinations in order to get a password. To prevent such attacks, users should create passwords that are more difficult to guess, i.e., by using a minimum of six characters, alphanumeric combinations, and lower-upper case combinations.
Answer option D is incorrect. Smurf is an attack that generates significant computer network traffic on a victim network. This is a type of denial-of-service attack that floods a target system via spoofed broadcast ping messages. In such attacks, a perpetrator sends a large amount of ICMP echo request (ping) traffic to IP broadcast addresses, all of which have a spoofed source IP address of the intended victim. If the routing device delivering traffic to those broadcast addresses delivers the IP broadcast to all hosts, most hosts on that IP network will take the ICMP echo request and reply to it with an echo reply, which multiplies the traffic by the number of hosts responding.
Answer option A is incorrect. Buffer overflow is a condition in which an application receives more data than it is configured to accept. It helps an attacker not only to execute a malicious code on the target system but also to install backdoors on the target system for further attacks. All buffer overflow attacks are due to only sloppy programming or poor memory management by the application developers. The main types of buffer overflows are:
Stack overflow Format string overflow Heap overflow
Integer overflow
Answer option C is incorrect. A zero-day attack, also known as zero-hour attack, is a computer threat that tries to exploit computer application vulnerabilities which are unknown to others, undisclosed to the software vendor, or for which no security fix is available. Zero-day exploits (actual code that can use a security hole to carry out an attack) are used or shared by attackers before the software vendor knows about the mvulnerability. User awareness training is the most effective technique to mitigate such attacks.

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QUESTION: 83

In an Ethernet peer-to-peer network, which of the following cables is used to connect two computers, using RJ- 45 connectors and Category-5 UTP cable?

Loopback
Serial
Parallel
Crossover

Answer(s): D

Explanation:

In an Ethernet peer-to-peer network, a crossover cable is used to connect two computers, using RJ-45 connectors and Category-5 UTP cable. Answer options C and B are incorrect. Parallel and serial cables do not use RJ-45 connectors and Category-5 UTP cable. Parallel cables are used to connect printers, scanners etc., to computers, whereas serial cables are used to connect modems, digital cameras etc., to computers.
Answer option A is incorrect. A loopback cable is used for testing equipments.

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QUESTION: 84

Which of the following is a credit card-sized device used to securely store personal information and used in conjunction with a PIN number to authenticate users?

Proximity card
Java card
SD card
Smart card

Answer(s): D

Explanation:

A smart card is a credit card-sized device used to securely store personal information such as certificates, public and private keys, passwords, etc. It is used in conjunction with a PIN number to authenticate users. In Windows, smart cards are used to enable certificate-based authentication. To use smart cards, Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) must be configured in Windows.
Answer option B is incorrect. Java Card is a technology that allows Java-based applications to be run securely on smart cards and small memory footprint devices. Java Card gives a user the ability to program devices and make them application specific. It is widely used in SIM cards and ATM cards. Java Card products are based on the Java Card Platform specifications developed by Sun Microsystems, a supplementary of Oracle Corporation. Many Java card products also rely on the global platform specifications for the secure management of applications on the card. The main goals of the Java Card technology are portability and security.
Answer option A is incorrect. Proximity card (or Prox Card) is a generic name for contactless integrated circuit devices used for security access or payment systems. It can refer to the older 125 kHz devices or the newer
13.56 MHz contactless RFID cards, most commonly known as contactless smartcards. Modern proximity cards are covered by the ISO/IEC 14443 (Proximity Card) standard. There is also a related ISO/IEC 15693 (Vicinity Card) standard. Proximity cards are powered by resonant energy transfer and have a range of 0-3 inches in most instances. The user will usually be able to leave the card inside a wallet or purse. The price of the cards is also low, usually US$2-$5, allowing them to be used in applications such as identification cards, keycards, payment cards and public transit fare cards.
Answer option C is incorrect. Secure Digital (SD) card is a non-volatile memory card format used in portable devices such as mobile phones, digital cameras, and handheld computers. SD cards are based on the older MultiMediaCard (MMC) format, but they are a little thicker than MMC cards. Generally an SD card offers a write-protect switch on its side. SD cards generally measure 32 mm x 24 mm x 2.1 mm, but they can be as thin as 1.4 mm. The devices that have SD card slots can use the thinner MMC cards, but the standard SD cards will not fit into the thinner MMC slots. Some SD cards are also available with a USB connector. SD card readers allow SD cards to be accessed via many connectivity ports such as USB, FireWire, and the common parallel port.

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QUESTION: 85

Which of the following OSI layers establishes, manages, and terminates the connections between the local and remote applications?

Data Link layer
Network layer
Application layer
Session layer

Answer(s): D

Explanation:

The session layer of the OSI/RM controls the dialogues (connections) between computers. It establishes, manages and terminates the connections between the local and remote application. It provides for full-duplex, half-duplex, or simplex operation, and establishes checkpointing, adjournment, termination, and restart procedures. The OSI model made this layer responsible for graceful close of sessions, which is a property of the Transmission Control Protocol, and also for session checkpointing and recovery, which is not usually used in the Internet Protocol Suite. The Session Layer is commonly implemented explicitly in application environments that use remote procedure calls.
Answer option C is incorrect. The Application Layer of TCP/IP model refers to the higher-level protocols used by most applications for network communication. Examples of application layer protocols include the File Transfer Protocol (FTP) and the Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP). Data coded according to application layer protocols are then encapsulated into one or more transport layer protocols, which in turn use lower layer protocols to affect actual data transfer.

Answer option A is incorrect. The Data Link Layer is Layer 2 of the seven-layer OSI model of computer networking. It corresponds to or is part of the link layer of the TCP/IP reference model. The Data Link Layer is the protocol layer which transfers data between adjacent network nodes in a wide area network or between nodes on the same local area network segment. The Data Link Layer provides the functional and procedural means to transfer data between network entities and might provide the means to detect and possibly correct errors that may occur in the Physical Layer. Examples of data link protocols are Ethernet for local area networks (multi-node), the Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP), HDLC, and ADCCP for point-to-point (dual-node) connections.
Answer option B is incorrect. The network layer controls the operation of subnet, deciding which physical path the data should take, based on network conditions, priority of service, and other factors. Routers work on the Network layer of the OSI stack.

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EC-Council 312-38 Exam (page: 17) EC-Council Certified Network Defender Updated on: 25-Dec-2025

QUESTION: 81

Explanation:

QUESTION: 82

Explanation:

QUESTION: 83

Explanation:

QUESTION: 84

Explanation:

QUESTION: 85

Explanation:

EC-Council 312-38 Exam (page: 17)
EC-Council Certified Network Defender
Updated on: 25-Dec-2025