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QUESTION: 116 Exam Topic: 1, Exam Pool A

How is DNS tunneling used to exfiltrate data out of a corporate network?

It corrupts DNS servers by replacing the actual IP address with a rogue address to collect information or start other attacks.
It encodes the payload with random characters that are broken into short strings and the DNS server rebuilds the exfiltrated data.
It redirects DNS requests to a malicious server used to steal user credentials, which allows further damage and theft on the network.
It leverages the DNS server by permitting recursive lookups to spread the attack to other DNS servers.

Answer(s): B

Explanation:

Domain name system (DNS) is the protocol that translates human-friendly URLs, such as securitytut.com, into IP addresses, such as 183.33.24.13. Because DNS messages are only used as the beginning of each communication and they are not intended for data transfer, many organizations do not monitor their DNS traffic for malicious activity. As a result, DNS-based attacks can be effective if launched against their networks. DNS tunneling is one such attack.

An example of DNS Tunneling is shown below:

The attacker incorporates one of many open-source DNS tunneling kits into an authoritative DNS nameserver (NS) and malicious payload.
2. An IP address (e.g. 1.2.3.4) is allocated from the attacker's infrastructure and a domain name (e.g. attackerdomain.com) is registered or reused. The registrar informs the top-level domain (.com) nameservers to refer requests for attackerdomain.com to ns.attackerdomain.com, which has a DNS

record mapped to 1.2.3.4
3. The attacker compromises a system with the malicious payload. Once the desired data is obtained, the payload encodes the data as a series of 32 characters (0-9, A-Z) broken into short strings (3KJ242AIE9, P028X977W,...).
4. The payload initiates thousands of unique DNS record requests to the attacker's domain with each string as a part of the domain name (e.g. 3KJ242AIE9.attackerdomain.com). Depending on the attacker's patience and stealth, requests can be spaced out over days or months to avoid suspicious network activity.
5. The requests are forwarded to a recursive DNS resolver. During resolution, the requests are sent to the attacker's authoritative DNS nameserver,
6. The tunneling kit parses the encoded strings and rebuilds the exfiltrated data.

Reference:

https://learn-umbrella.cisco.com/i/775902-dns-tunneling/0

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QUESTION: 117 Exam Topic: 1, Exam Pool A

Which two characteristics of messenger protocols make data exfiltration difficult to detect and prevent?
(Choose two)

Outgoing traffic is allowed so users can communicate with outside organizations.
Malware infects the messenger application on the user endpoint to send company data.
Traffic is encrypted, which prevents visibility on firewalls and IPS systems.
An exposed API for the messaging platform is used to send large amounts of data.
Messenger applications cannot be segmented with standard network controls

Answer(s): C,E

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QUESTION: 118 Exam Topic: 1, Exam Pool A

Which Cisco AMP file disposition valid?

pristine
malware
dirty
non malicious

Answer(s): B

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QUESTION: 119 Exam Topic: 1, Exam Pool A

When using Cisco AMP for Networks which feature copies a file to the Cisco AMP cloud for analysis?

Spero analysis
dynamic analysis
sandbox analysis
malware analysis

Answer(s): B

Explanation:

Spero analysis examines structural characteristics such as metadata and header information in executable files. After generating a Spero signature based on this information, if the file is an eligible executable file, the device submits it to the Spero heuristic engine in the AMP cloud. Based on the Spero signature, the Spero engine determines whether the file is malware.

Reference:

https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/security/firepower/60/configuration/guide/fpmc-config- guidev60/Reference_a_wrapper_Chapter_topic_here.html
-> Spero analysis only uploads the signature of the (executable) files to the AMP cloud. It does not upload the whole file. Dynamic analysis sends files to AMP ThreatGrid. Dynamic Analysis submits (the whole) files to Cisco Threat Grid (formerly AMP Threat Grid). Cisco Threat
Grid runs the file in a sandbox environment, analyzes the file's behavior to determine whether the file is malicious, and returns a threat score that indicates the likelihood that a file contains malware. From the threat score, you can view a dynamic analysis summary report with the reasons for the assigned threat score. You can also look in Cisco Threat Grid to view detailed reports for files that your organization submitted, as well as scrubbed reports with limited data for files that your organization did not submit. Local malware analysis allows a managed device to locally inspect executables, PDFs, office documents, and other types of files for the most common types of malware, using a detection rule set provided by the Cisco
Talos Security Intelligence and Research Group (Talos). Because local analysis does not query the

AMP cloud,
and does not run the file, local malware analysis saves time and system resources. -> Malware analysis does not upload files to anywhere, it only checks the files locally. There is no sandbox analysis feature, it is just a method of dynamic analysis that runs suspicious files in a virtual machine.

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